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Cell Biology
Cell Organelles
Plants/Animals
Diffusion/Osmosis
Miscellaneous
100
What is the smallest structure that is capable of life?
a cell
100
What is the "control center" of the cell?
nucleus
100
In general, the shape of plant cells tends to be _________ and the shape of animal cells tends to be __________.
plant cells tend to be angular animal cells tend to be rounded
100
Molecules want to move from _____ to _____ concentration.
molecules move from high to low concentration
100
XX = ____________ XY = ____________ How many chromosomes are in human body cells?
XX = female XY = male 46 chromosomes in human body cells
200
What are specialized cells and what do they allow an organism to do?
Specialized cells have a certain structure that allows them to do a specific job.
200
Explain the function of guard cells and stomata.
Guard cells control the opening (stomata) for gas exchange. They close at night because photosynthesis is not happening.
200
The outer layer of a plant cell is the ____________ and the outer layer of an animal cell is the ________________.
plant cell's outer layer = cell wall (then a cell membrane) animal cell's outer layer = cell membrane
200
Define selectively or semi-permeable membrane.
A selectively or semi-permeable membrane is a membrane that controls what can pass through it.
200
How are eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells different?
Prokaryotes - small/simple cells without a nucleus = bacteria Eukaryotes - large/complicated cells with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
300
What is mitosis? Explain the main parts of mitosis.
Mitosis is the process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each containing the same number of chromosomes. -cell contents are copied -cell contents are separated equally -two nuclei are formed, each containing the same numbers of chromosomes
300
What is DNA? Where is it located? What "X" structure does it make up?
DNA = genetic material located in the nucleus X = chromosomes
300
Explain the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs.
autotrophs are producers (make their own food) heterotrophs are consumers (eat other organisms)
300
Explain the difference between diffusion and osmosis.
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration. Osmosis is a special type of diffusion, where water molecules move from high to low concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.
300
What is the relationship or difference between glucose and ATP?
Glucose is a food molecule that is combined with oxygen during cellular respiration to produce ATP, which is an energy molecule.
400
Identify 3 reasons why a multicellular organism would perform mitosis.
growth repair of injury replace old worn out cells
400
What type of cell has chloroplasts? What do chloroplasts contain? What is the function of chloroplasts?
found in plant cells chloroplasts contain chlorophyll site of photosynthesis
400
Identify the organisms that perform photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
plants, protists (algae), and some bacteria perform photosynthesis all organisms perform cellular respiration
400
Explain what happens when a red onion cell is exposed to saltwater.
When a red onion cell is exposed to saltwater, water from the cell's cytoplasm and vacuoles moves out of the cell from high to low concentration across the cell membrane. The cytoplasm and vacuoles will shrink due to the water loss. OSMOSIS
400
What does a cell get from performing cellular respiration? Where does cellular respiration occur?
Cell get energy from the process of cellular respiration. It occurs in the mitochondria.
500
If an organism has 36 chromosomes, what will be produced at the end of 1 cell going through mitosis? (# of cells and # of chromosomes)
2 cells will be produced, each containing 36 chromosomes
500
Identify 4 differences between plant and animal cells.
plants have cell walls, chloroplasts, & large vacuoles animals have small vacuoles, centrioles, & lysosomes
500
Write the equation for photosynthesis and explain the process in a sentence.
sunlight 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 carbon dioxide water glucose oxygen photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into glucose (food)
500
Define homeostasis. How do cell membranes help a cell maintain homeostasis.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment. The cell membrane helps maintain homeostasis by allowing the cell to control what enters and exits.
500
Write the equation for cellular respiration and explain the process in sentence.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --------> 6CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP glucose oxygen carbon dioxide water energy Energy is released when glucose and oxygen combine.