Explain the difference between passive and active range of motion exercises
Passive is assisting a client to move parts of their body that they can not do themselves. Active range of motion exercises is encouraging clients to move themselves
100
Name the cavity that contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen and intestines
What is the abdominal cavity
200
The back surface of the body
What is superficial
200
The three layers of the skin
What are the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous fatty tissue layers
200
4 Types of bones
What are long bones, short bones, flat bones and irregular bones
200
What are the hormones partially responsible
for the decrease in muscle tissue and strength?
Growth hormone and testosterone
(which stimulate muscle development)
200
Explain what skin shearing is
Damage to skin, often a tear due to friction
300
Farthest from the trunk of the body or point of origin
What is distal
300
Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands
What is the integumentary system
300
Name the joint that allows movement in one direction
What is a hinge joint
300
Explain why muscles cannot contract as quickly on the older adult?
More fast-contracting (fast-twitch) muscle fibers are lost than slow-contracting (slow-twitch) muscle fibers
300
Where to pressure ulcers typically form?
over bony prominences (hips, knees, heels, buttocks, shoulders)
400
formed by organs that work together to form a special function
What is an organ system
400
the outer layer of living and dead cells
What is the epidermis
400
What are the three types of muscle
Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle, Skeletal muscle
400
Why are older adults at greater risk for fractures?
Bones become less dense (weaker) due to decrease in calcium
They are at greater risk for falls
Muscles become weaker
400
What is a contracture? How do they impact mobility?
Permanent shortening of muscles and tendons causing the limb to be continually in flexed position. Joint movement is then decreased limiting mobility in that area.
500
Define "anatomy" and "physiology"
Anatomy is the study of body structures
Physiology is the study of how those body
structures work
500
3 risk factors for skin breakdown
Incontinence
Pressure from casts
Creases in sheets or clothing
Seating in wheelchairs
Inadequate nutrition
Loss of elasticity, skin is thinner, damaged more easily
Poor hygiene
500
What is the difference between involuntary muscles and voluntary muscles? Give examples
Involuntary – muscles that work automatically
ex. muscles during digestion, blood vessels etc
Voluntary – can be conciously controlled. Movement of arms, legs etc.
500
3 functions of muscle
Movement of body parts
Maintenance of posture
Production of body heat
500
How can we prevent pressure ulcers?
Mobilizing clients, good hygiene and skin care, padding pressure areas, encourage good nutrition, reporting/documenting changes in skin