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B9?! YOU SUNK MY BATTLESHIP!
What The Foundation?
Potent Reportables
Don’t B Negative
Epic Fails
100
The suffix carcinoma indicates that the specimen is
What is Malignant? Carcinoma- a cancer arising in the epithelial tissue of the skin or of the lining of the internal organs.
100
VUS stands for this.
What is Variants of Unknown Significance? :an alteration that is not well characterized in the scientific literature. We know the gene containing the alteration is associated with cancer, but We cannot infer that this particular alteration is relevant in the context of cancer.
100
The gene alterations reported in this type of report are valid; however, there may be other alterations that we weren't able to detect that would be detectable in a more appropriate specimen.
What is qualified?
100
If the RNA component for FoundationOne Heme fails a portion of testing we can sometimes offer this type of report.
What is a DNA only report?
100
In order for a specimen to pass path review, at least this percentage of nucleated cells must be malignant
What is 20%?
200
Fibrosis indicates that the specimen is
What is Benign? Fibrosis- the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury.
200
MAF stands for this
What is Mutant allele frequency? :Mutant Allele Frequency (MAF) refers to the percentage of a mutant allele among all allele copies being considered. (An allele is a form of a gene; it can be altered or normal.) In other words, mutant allele frequency identifies the proportion of altered sequencing reads to normal sequencing reads in the patient’s specimen
200
Doctors are talking about the status of this gene's alias when asking about HER2.
What is ERBB2? :HER2 is derived from the protein human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. ERBB2 is derived from the protein Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 are the same protein hence the alias.
200
DAVE DALY DOUBLE!!!! This type of report, often requested by our lab via a problem code, provides information about the kinds and numbers of cells in blood.
What is a complete blood count (CBC) report?
200
This is the minimum concentration of DNA required for normal testing
What is 1.0ng/µL (1 nanogram per microliter)?
300
Neoplasm indicates that the specimen is
"What is Malignant? :Neoplasm- a new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body, especially as a characteristic of cancer.
300
DAVE DALY DOUBLE!!!! NVR stands for this
What is No Variant Report?
300
This term is used for clinical situations where we the observed number of copies is on the verge of the F1 analytical threshold for the copy number, the actual copy number cannot be accurately quantified and is rather ambiguous.
What is equivocal? :because the observed number of copies is on the verge of the F1 analytical threshold for the copy number, which is 6-7 (and 5 for HER2), the actual copy number cannot be accurately quantified and is rather ambiguous, ranging between 5-7. Having said that, there is no doubt that this gene is amplified.
300
This type of specimen collection tube stabilizes RNA, in peripheral blood, which is more sensitive to degradation.
What is a PAXgene tube?
300
This is the minimum concentration of RNA required for normal testing
What is 3.5 ng/µL (3.5 nanograms per microliter)?
400
The suffix plasia indicates that the specimen is
What is Benign?: Plasia- in biology and medicine denoting "formation, growth, and development"
400
MSI stands for this
What is Microsatellite instability? : DNA mismatch repair is a mechanism that corrects errors that spontaneously occur during DNA replication, such as single base mismatches or short insertions and deletions. MSI is the condition of genetic hypermutability that results from impaired DNA mismatch repair. Lynch syndrome is caused by MSI and increases the risk for colon, endometrium, ovary, stomach, small intestine, urinary tract, brain, and skin cancers. Researchers agree that High MSI status indicates the diagnosis of Lynch syndrome, non-metastatic prognosis, and less aggressive treatment regimens.
400
This is alternative and more commonly used way to describe Additional Disease-relevant Genes with No Reportable Alterations Identified
What are pertinant negatives? :Additional Disease-relevant Genes with No Reportable Alterations Identified are reported for genes that a physician would expect to be altered in the specific tumor type (e.g. EGFR for lung cancer; HER2/ERBB2 for breast cancer), but for which no alterations were detected in the patient’s specimen.
400
Fresh specimens are considered qualified when received within this date range of collection.
What is within 2-7 days from collection?
400
We recommend using this specific acid to path labs when decalcifying bone
What is EDTA?
500
Sarcomatoid indicates that the specimen is
What is Malignant? :Sarcomatoid- a relatively uncommon form of cancer whose malignant cells have histological, cytological, or molecular properties of both epithelial tumors ("carcinoma") and mesenchymal tumors ("sarcoma").
500
IHC stands for this
What is immunohistochemistry? :Immunohistochemistry (IHC) refers to the process of detecting antigens (e.g. proteins) in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues. It appears that upregulation of PD-L1 and PDL-1 may allow cancers to evade the host immune system. New classes of drugs that block PD-1 and its ligand PDL-1 , activate the immune system to attack tumors and are therefore used with varying success to treat some types of cancer.
500
This term implies that the alteration in question has been identified to be present in a fraction of cells.
What is subclonal? :Mutations not designated as “subclonal” could otherwise be thought of as “clonal,” or being present in all cells. “Subclonal” mutations are usually in less than 10% of the assayed tumor DNA. “Subclonal” mutations on the report are listed because they have clinical value. The basis of the subclonal call is the mutant allele frequency and the computational tumor purity assessment.
500
This type of specimen is collected by drawing bone marrow aspirate into a non-anticoagulated syringe. The result is then formalin fixed and paraffin embedded, but NOT decalcified, so it can be ideal for F1H (or F1) testing.
What is a clot section?
500
This type of transplant is from a different person's cells.
What is an allogeneic transplant? : 3 main types of transplant: Allogeneic- another person, autologous- self, xenogeneic- different species