A nonvascular, tough, flexible connective tissue that assists in supporting the skeleton.
What is cartilage?
100
The most common joint disorder in the world, affecting about 80% of adults over 75 years old.
What is osteoarthritis?
100
Research indicates this immunologic response is a factor in several diseases including sarcopenia and frailty.
What is inflammation?
100
The leading cause of disability and serious restriction of mobility in the elderly.
What are fractures?
100
Researchers have consistently demonstrated this is an effective preventative measure against frailty and sarcopenia.
What is exercise?
200
They are bone forming cells.
What are osteoblasts and osteocytes?
200
A metabolic bone disease that is characterized by a greater rate of bone resorption than bone formation?
What is osteoporosis?
200
Resistance to this hormone plays a significant role in the development of functional impairment related to diabetes and also the health of our bones.
What is insulin?
200
This autoimmune disease is usually present in the joints.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
200
The procedure considered to be the safest and most accurate for the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
What is a DEXA scan (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry)?
300
They are living tissues that grow continually from birth to the end of teenage years.
What are bones?
300
Loss of bone mass and density (not osteoporosis)
What is osteopenia?
300
This hormone is believed to have the most direct effect on bone cells.
What is estrogen?
300
This disorder is responsible for excruciating pain and sudden attacks on joints; possibly resulting in disabled or deformed joints.
What is gout (gouty arthritis)?
300
Children and adolescents should maintain an adequate supply of this vitamin as it it essential for the development and maintenance of the bone.
What is vitamin D?
400
These junctures between two or more bones make movement possible.
What are joints?
400
This muscle mass suffers a decline with age. From representing 50% of total body weight in young adulthood to about 25% of total body weight in people aged 70-80.
What is lean muscle mass?
400
These energy producing cells are believed to play a role in sarcopenia.
What are mitochondria?
400
Progression of this disorder can make it difficult to understand a person suffering from it since it impairs speech and weakens facial muscles.
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
400
Proposed to be the single best measure of age-related muscle changes.
What is muscle strength?
500
This process develops bone tissue two ways: intramembranous and endochondral ossification.
What is osteogenesis?
500
The gradual loss of this from bones is the primary and most significant age-related change in the skeletal system.
What is calcium?
500
I’m the next big gene in longevity research (at least according to our reading).
What is klotho?
500
Inflammation increasing the amount of fluid of the bursae, causing pain when moving the joint.
What is bursitis?
500
Osteoporosis accounts for more days spent this way than diabetes, heart attacks and breast cancer combined.