What is the chain of events that occur during cell division?
Duplication of genetic material, equal division of that materia, and division of the rest of the cytoplasmic components.
100
These two checkpoints determines weather or not the cell size is big enough for cell division and weather or not DNA is damaged during replication.
G1 and G2 checkpoint.
100
When does crossing over take place?
Prophase 1 (Meiosis 1 prophase)
200
What are the 3 differences between somatic and gametic cells? Somatic cells are diploid, make up all tissues and divide by mitosis.
Somatic cells are diploid, make up all tissues and divide by mitosis.
200
The name of the kinase and the substrate it works on that in conjunction regulates the cell cycle.
What is cyclin and cyclin dependent kinase.
200
What are the two stages of Meiosis. Briefly describe each one.
Meiosis 1 and II (Reduction and equational division, respectively)
200
Cell division stage where two chromosomes are separated for two individual cells?
Anaphase II
300
What is the stage of mitosis where the genetic material is most easily accessible to enzyme crucial for DNA replication?
Interphase
300
How does the CDK and cyclin complex work together to regulate the cell cycle?
if checkpoints are satisfied then these two regulatory molecules push the cell cycle past the checkpoint to trigger cell division.
300
These processes increases genetic variation.
Independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization.
300
What happens during independent assortment and during what stage of the meiotic life cycle?
Chromosomes assort independently from one another during prophase/metaphase stage.
400
The process by which the animal cell psychically divides into two daughter cells.
Cleavage Furrow
400
what is the set of genes called that negatively and positively regulate the cell cycle. Explain the mechanism by which these two sets of genes work to promote or hinder cell division.
oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Example of Oncogenes cause CDK to be active with no cyclin. Examples of tumor suppressor genes is p53 which prevents the complex formation.
400
How does random fertilization work to increase variation?
Many chromosomes with many genes = many possibilities for combination with other chromosomes during crossing over and meiosis.
500
What is an aster?
A short array of microtubles that extend from each of the centrosomes.
500
What happens to the cell cycle once differentiation by a cell is achieved.
cell arrested in G0 phase.
500
What is the overall purpose of meiotic division?
Variation for evolution and natural selection.
500
How many chromosomes are their in a duplicated chromosome?