An argument that attacks a claim on the basis of features of the person who holds it.
What is Ad Hominem
100
The truth of the premises should guarantee the truth of the conclusion.
What is a Deductive Argument
100
An argument is _ if and only if the truth of the premises guarantees the truth of the conclusion.
What is valid
100
We have certain indubitable or self-evident beliefs which serve as foundation for the rest of knowledge
What is Foundationalism
100
You know that you are in class right now only if you know that you are not being deceived by an evil demon.
What is The evil demon argument
200
You should call a term "_" when and only when the expression has more than one acceptable meaning
What is Ambiguous
200
All Fs are Gs
s is an F
:. s is G.
What is a syllogism
200
An argument is _ if and only if it is valid and all the premises are true.
What is sound
200
a position of doubt: we can’t be certain that any of our beliefs are true, so we have no knowledge
What is Scepticism
200
Descartes' most famous saying
What is I think therefore I am
300
the psychological activity of drawing conclusions from premises
What is Infer
300
P->Q
P
:. Q
What is Modus Ponens
300
P1. If John is at the party Emily won’t be.
P2. John is at the party. FALSE
:.
C. Emily won’t be at the party.
What is Valid, but unsound.
300
Concerning Those Things That Can Be Called into Doubt
What is Meditation I
300
thinking things
What is Res cogitans
400
something that you could hold, or believe, or put forward as a claim. It's capable of being true or false.
What is a Proposition
400
P->Q
~Q
:. ~P
What is Modus Tollens
400
P1. The Bible is the word of God.
P2. The word of God is trustworthy.
P3. The Bible says that God exists.
:.
C. God exists.
What is What is Circular reasoning a.k.a. ‘Begging the question’
400
Descartes splits up the universe into two parts:
What is Mind and Body
400
extended things
What is Res extensa
500
It is sort of like an imaginary test case. We're trying to see whether we can conceive of some situation that's incompatible with the proposed analysis.
What is a Thought Experiment
500
P or Q P or Q
~P ~Q
:. Q :. P
What is Disjunctive Syllogism
500
P1. All politicians are snakes.
P2. No snake has legs.
:.
C. No politician has legs.
What is What is Fallacy of Equivocation
500
Arguments for _:
A. Our senses are not reliable
B. The dreaming argument
C. The evil demon argument
What is Universal, Hyperbolic Doubt
500
The only things we have direct access to are our ideas, or the contents of our own minds.