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DNA
gene regulation
biotechnology
evolution
mixed bag
100
The central dogma
What is DNA → RNA → protein
100
are spliced together post-transcriptionally in eukaryotes
What are exons
100
where foreign DNA is taken up and expressed by a cell.
What is transformation
100
structures from a common ancestor
What is homologous
100
chloroplasts and mitochondria descended from bacteria-like cell via this process
What is endosymbiosis
200
occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle.
What is replication
200
coordinates control of gene expression in bacteria
What is an operon
200
Can reproduce indefinitely and produce other specialized cells
What are stem cells
200
the source of variation for evolution.
What are mutations
200
small molecule used to mark proteins for destruction
What is ubiquitin
300
the process where RNA is created from a DNA template
What is transcription
300
turns off or slows down the process of transcription on the histones.
What is methylation
300
Technique used to amplify DNA without the use of cells.
What is PCR
300
Where chance alone can cause significant changes in gene frequencies of very small populations.
What is genetic drift
300
Mutations in these genes lead to transformations in the identity of entire body parts
What is homeotic or homeobox or hox genes
400
the coding segments of eukaryotic DNA
What are exons
400
In eukaryotes, these bind to other proteins or a sequence element within the promoter called the TATA box to promote transcription.
What are transcription factors
400
Technique used to separate DNA molecules on the basis of size and charge with an electric current
What is electrophoresis
400
similar structures as a result of convergent evolution
What are analogous structures
400
genes that code for proteins associated with cell growth.
What are proto-oncogenes
500
results from either an insertion or a deletion of a base.
What is a frameshift mutation
500
Genomic imprinting, DNA methylation, and histone acetylation are all examples of these phenomena.
What is epigenetic
500
extra circular piece of DNA in prokaryotic cells
What is plasmid
500
Evolutionary changes consist of rapid bursts of speciation alternating with long periods in which species remain essentially unmodified.
What is punctuated equilibrium
500
It is an activator for other genes stimulates apoptosis of damaged cells, and promotes DNA repair.
What is p53