Show:
Grab Bag
Research Methods
Paradigms
Assessment
Depression/Mood Disorders
100
A mental health professional who can prescribe medications
A psychiatrist
100
When a result is said to be STATISTICALLY significant, this means that the result is...
Not due to chance.
100
This paradigm was founded by Sigmund Freud and focuses largely on the unconscious and defense mechanisms.
What is psychodynamic paradigm
100
Name two structured clinical interviews
SCID (Structured clinical interview for DSM 5) KSADS (Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia)
100
Name two neurotransmitters implicated in depression
Serotonin Norepinephrine Dopamine
200
This is the phenomenon of perceiving a relationship between two variables even when no such relationship exists
An illusory correlation
200
An experimental method where both the participants and the researchers do not know which experimental group a participant is in.
What is a double blind procedure
200
This paradigm maintains the theory that abnormal behavior is largely learned
What is the behavioral paradigm
200
Which two types of psychological assessments can be used to diagnose a learning disability?
An intelligence test followed by an achievement test (When achievement is lower than IQ, a learning disability may be present)
200
How many symptoms must an individual have in order to get a diagnosis of MDD and how long must those symptoms last?
Most of the day nearly everyday for two weeks 5 symptoms, one of which must be a depressed mood
300
Jenny is 8. She has tantrums and steals from her siblings. A therapist tells Sally's parents that they should reward her (like give her candy) when she behaves, and punish her (take away her favorite toy) when she misbehaviors. What type of conditioning is being used in this treatment?
Operant conditioning
300
Emma and Dr. Hyde see the same patient. Both come up with the same diagnosis. This is an example of...
Inter-rater reliability
300
Define the diathesis-stress model and give an example
The diathesis–stress model is a psychological theory that attempts to explain behavior as a predispositional vulnerability together with stress from life experiences.
300
Name two brain imaging techniques that allow us to study the FUNCTION of the brain
PET Scans fMRI Scans Bonus: Why are fMRI scans more commonly used than PET scans?
300
What are two explanations for gender differences in depression?
Hormonal differences Sexual assault prevalence higher for women Women experience more chronic stressors Body image issues higher in women Women react more intensely to interpersonal loss Women ruminate more than men
400
What are the four DSM criteria for abnormality?
Personal distress, Harmful dysfunction, disability/impairment, context (not due to culture, social deviance/conflict, another disease, or another substance)
400
Explain what an RCT is and name three necessary components
Studies in which clients are randomly assigned to receive an active treatment or a comparison (placebo, no treatment, or another treatment) Randomization (randomly put into groups) Double blind 2 or more groups
400
What is the difference between efficacy and efficiency in therapy and what types of validity does each concern?
Efficacy - whether a treatment works under the purest of conditions Effectiveness – whether a treatment works in the real world
400
When giving an assessment, what other factors should be considered before making a diagnosis? Name three considerations
Cultural differences Psychological history Personal history (important life events) Clinical judgement Other assessment methods Other things...
400
List two ways in which persistent depressive disorder is different from major depressive disorder
PDD must last for at least two years (one for adolescents) Symptoms are not as severe in PDD No symptom remission for more than 2 months in PDD
500
Name three criticisms of the DSM 5
Too many diagnoses Limited reliability Limited validity (contrast, predictive, and etiological) Too much comorbidity Pathologizes normal behavior
500
Dr. Hyde is gathering data on mothers with depression. He finds that mothers with depression are more likely to have daughters with depression. Dr. Hyde concludes that depression must be related to genetics. Name two confounding variables that could have led to this result and define what a confounding variable is.
Confounding variable - a variable that was not addressed in the research question that also correlates with the dependent and independent variables and that may also explain the relationship between the two variables
500
Explain how each of the following paradigms would describe the etiology of depression and how would they study it: Genetic/Behavioral genetic Neurological Cognitive Behavioral
Genetic - twin studies, maternal/paternal studies; genetic predisposition/diathesis stress model Neurological - dysfunction in neurotransmitters/structural brain abnormalities; fMRI, PET, CAT, measure levels of neurotransmitters Cognitive - maladaptive thought patterns, self report, daily diary studies Behavioral - maladaptive behaviors are learned; observation studies, etc.
500
Describe each axis from the DSM IV and give an example
Axis I - Clinical disorders i.e. Mood disorder/anxiety disorder Axis II - Personality disorders/mental retardation i.e. Borderline Personality Disorder Axis III - Genetic Medical Conditions i.e. infection, gluten intolerance Axis IV - Psychosocial/environmental problems i.e. education, exposure to trauma Axis V - Global assessment of Functioning i.e. 0-10 severe impairment, 40-50 significant symptoms causes distress and impairement, 90-100 superior functioning
500
List five symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder
Two week period of depressed mood (or irritability for adolescent) Anhedonia Sleep disturbance Motor disturbance Appetite Change Cognitive Disturbance Fatigue Suicidality Worthlessness/Guilt