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Functional Domains of the Nucleus
The Nucleolus
Mutation I
Mutation II
Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Transport
100
The unit of DNA replicated from a single ori.
What is a replicon?
100
Location of 5S rRNA genes
What is chromosome 1? or What is outside the nucleolus?
100
Types of mutation repair mechanisms
What is proofreading or mismatch repair?
100
Categories of base substitution mutations
What is missense, nonsense, and same sense?
100
Nuclear localization signals are rich in this amino acid
What is lysine?
200
It remains highly condensed and transcriptionally inactive during interphase.
What is heterochromatin?
200
Region where the nucleolus forms around the tandem arrays of 5.8S, 18S, and 28S rRNA genes
What are Nucleolar Organizing Regions?
200
Proofreading done by 3' - 5' ________ activity of DNA polymerase.
What is exonuclease?
200
Feature of the genetic code that allows different codons to specify the same amino acid.
What is degeneracy or redundancy?
200
Nuclear export signals are rich in this amino acid
What is leucine?
300
In 1885, he proposed that each chromosome occupies a distinct territory.
Who is Carl Rabl?
300
Tandem arrays of genes for 5.8S, 18S, and 28S rRNAs are transcribed by this.
What is RNA polymerase I?
300
During proofreading the incorrect base is removed from this end of the DNA strand
What is 3'?
300
A stop codon
What is UAA, UGA, or UAG?
300
Range in nanometers of a nuclear pore complex
What is 9 to 40 nanometers?
400
The most abundant form of RNA
What is rRNA?
400
Three distinct regions of the nucleolus
What is fibrillar, dense fibrillar, and granular zones?
400
Mismatch repair system scans newly synthesized DNA for errors. How does it know which strand to repair?
What is unmethylated vs. methylated DNA?
400
Diseases caused by one amino acid change (discussed in lecture)
What is sickle cell anemia, phenylketonuria, cystic fibrosis?
400
Energy required to recycle importin and exportin is in the form of this molecule
What is GTP?
500
They remove introns and splice together exons from eukaryotic messenger RNAs. Since they are not DNA, they don't "live" in a chromosomal territory, but they are in the nucleus, so we'd find them in an interchromosomal domain.
What are snRNPs or splicing factors?
500
Localized to the nucleolus where they participate in the cleavage and modification of rRNAs.
What are snoRNPs (small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein)?
500
Four types of mutations
What is base substitution, frameshift, insertion, deletion?
500
Diseases discussed with Insertion/Deletion mutations
What is Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, Huntington's disease, hemophilia, Fragile X syndrome?
500
Explain how things get into the nucleus (response is not in the form of a question here).
Protein presents an NLS. Importin recognizes the NLS, binds and shows a signal to the nuclear pore complex. Importin is allowed in. Importin needs recycled using GTP.