This was the first jail in America. It was built in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
What is The Walnut Street Jail?
100
This system of prison industry that employs prisoners to manufacture products consumed by state governments and institutions.
What is the State Use System?
100
This era lasted from 1935 to 1945 and was characterized by strict punishment and custody. The main goal was retribution.
What is the Punitive Era?
100
This is a sentence to serve a specified number of hours working in unpaid positions with nonprofit or tax supported agencies.
What is Community Service?
100
This is a jail where inmates are housed in small groups or pods, staffed 24 hours a day by specially trained officers who interact with inmates. Direct supervision is the philosophy of this phase of jail development.
What is Third-Generation?
200
This is when jail reentry begins.
What is upon entry?
200
This was a system of prison industry that temporarily relinquishes supervision of its prisoners to a private contractor.
What is the Convict Lease System?
200
This era lasted from 1876 to 1890 and the goal was rehabilitation. Also during this era the Elmira Reformatory in New york, and the Indiana Reformatory for Women and Girls opened.
What is the Reformatory Era?
200
This is the control of offenders in the community under strict conditions, by means of frequent reporting to a probation officer whose caseload is generally limited to 30 offenders.
What is Intensive Supervision Probation?
200
This jail has multiple occupancy cells or dormitories that line corridors arranged like spokes. The biggest problem with this phase was the inability of officers to see what is going on in more than one or two cells at a time.
What is First-Generation?
300
These were also known as the "poorhouses" of the twentieth century.
What are Jails?
300
This is a system of prison industry in which the prison advertised for bids for the employment of prisoners whose labor was sold to the highest bidder.
What is the Contract System?
300
The public accounts system, contract system, convict lease system, and state use system are part of this era.
What is the Industrial Era?
300
This is a special court that is given responsibility to handle cases involving drug-addicted offenders.
What are Drug Courts?
300
These jails are the least dehumanizing and bring programs and services into the housing unit.
What are Fourth-Generation Jails?
400
This was the religious order that pushed for the prison reform of the Walnut Street Jail.
Who are the Quakers?
400
This was a system of prison industry in which prisoners were employed in the construction of public buildings, roads, and parks.
What is the Public Works System?
400
During this era, from 1985 to present, the US has supported a philosophy that offenders are punished because they deserve it and the the sanction used must be based on the seriousness of the crime.
What is the Just Deserts Era?
400
These are technologies that probation and parole officers use to monitor remotely the physical location of an offender.
What is Remote-Location Monitoring?
400
In this jail, staff remain in a secure control booth surrounded by inmate housing areas called pods and surveillance is remote.
What is Second-Generation Jails ?
500
John Irwin, a former California inmate turned college professor, said in 1986 that this was the purpose of jails.
What is Rabble Management?
500
This was the earliest form of prison industry, in which the warden was responsible for purchasing materials and equipment and for overseeing the manufacturing, marketing, and sale of prison-made items.
What is the Public Accounts System?
500
The major focus of this era were the Medical Model and reform through classification, therapy, and increased use of indeterminate sentencing.
What is the Treatment Era?
500
Sometimes referred to as evidence based corrections, these are punishment options developed to fill the gap between traditional probation and traditional jail or prison sentences and to better match the severity of punishment to the seriousness of the crime.
What are Intermediate Sanctions?
500
This jail incorporates natural light into the dayroom where staff work and inmates spend most of their day, and brings program services, staff, volunteers, and visitors into the housing unit.