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Pain and Opium
Morphine
Opioid Agonists
Agonist-Antagonist/Partial Agonist Opioids
Opioid Antagonists
100
This type of pain results from injury to tissues
What is somatic pain
100
This is the drug of choice for reversing morphine poisoning.
What is naloxone?
100
This mu-agonist has actions similar to morphine except it's lower incidence of urinary retention and constipation
What is meperidine (demerol)?
100
This partial mu-agonist is 25-50 fold more potent than morphine.
What is buprenorphine?
100
This opioid antagonist is 100-1000 times less potent orally than parenterally.
What is naloxone?
200
These fibers transmit the fast, 1st pain
What are myelinated Aδ fibers?
200
This opiate is morphine plus a methyl group.
What is codeine?
200
Meperidine can be toxic after large, repeated doses, due to it's conversion to normeperidine through this mechanism
What is N-demethylation?
200
This potent Ag-Antag opioid has the lowest abuse potential.
What is butorphanol (Stadol)?
200
These two things are added together to make suboxone.
What is naloxone and buprenorphine?
300
This type of pain results from injury to organs
What is visceral pain?
300
When opioid receptors are activated this is reduced during the action potential, leader to less neurotransmitter release.
What is calcium influx?
300
This is when opioid withdrawal reaches it's peak
What is 48-72hours?
300
The oral pill containing this, is laced with naloxone (called Talwin-NX) to prevent abuse potential through injection.
What is pentazocine?
300
This is used in long-term management of opioid addiciton.
What is naltrexone?
400
An opium alkaloid that is inactive and has no medicinal use
What is thebaine?
400
Suppression of respiratory drive contributes to usefulness of morphine in relieving these conditions.
What is left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema?
400
Biologically inactive herion is converted into this, and then converted into morphine
What is monoacetylmorphine (MAM)?
400
Pentazocine and Butorphanol are less useful in these types of patients.
What are patients with CHF or MI?
400
This is how long naloxone takes to increase repiratory rates.
What is 1-2 minutes?
500
This type of pain is diagnosed by longevity and a lack of a cause of pain
What is neuropathic pain?
500
This results, in part, from morphine-induced release of histamine.
What is peripheral and venous dilatation?
500
These are three drugs that inhibit CYP2D6 resulting in a lack of conversion of codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone to morphine.
What is clomipramine, quinidine, fluoxetine, haloperidol, paroxetine?
500
Buprenorphine, an ag-antag opioid that is more potent and longer lasting then morphine, is a highly lipophilic derivative of this.
What is thebaine?
500
This is the elimination half life of naloxone.
What is 1 hour?