a decree by the pope that forbade priests from giving the sacrements of the church to the people
What is interdict
100
when did the Catholic Church reach its height?
in the 13th century under the power of the Pope Innocent III
100
How many early crusades were there?
9
200
the denile of basic church doctrines
What is heresy
200
What were some of the things that the popes were involved in and controlled instead of focusing on prayer?
Claimed supremacy over church affairs, they had control over territories which led the popes to be more politically involved. also the feudal system.
200
how did the crusades start?
Byzantine emperor Alexius asked for help to fight against the Seljuk turks, and Pope Urban II helped.
200
was the fourth crusade successful, explain
No, because the byzantine empire got a hold of Constantinople, but then the Seljuk turks invaded the Byzantine Empire.
200
who is Hildegard of Bingen
1. she became abbesses of religious house
2. first woman composer
3. important - contributed to music
300
military expeditions that were carried out by European Christians
What is Crusades
300
What was one of the greatest conflicts between church and states in the Middle Ages?
The struggle between Henry IV and Greggory VII, investiture controversy.
300
who were the tree leaders of the third crusade?
1. German Emperor Frederick Barbarossa
2. English king Richard I
3. French king Philip II Augustus.
300
When did the Byzantine empire actually fall?
it was weak and then conquered by the autumn turks In 1453
300
Who is Pope Urban II ?
saw an opportunity to provide leadership for the cause of rallying Europe's warriors to free Jerusalem and the holy land from the people who Christians viewed as infidels (unbelievers)
400
Bones or other objects connected with saints considered to be worthy of worship by faithful
What is Relics
400
the compromise that the new king made to end the investiture controversy
What is concordat of worms?
400
what were the 2 new religions that emerged in the 1200's
the Franciscans and Dominicans
400
Who led the last two major crusades
1. King of France Louis IX
400
Who is Pope Greggory VII
1. convinced he was chosen by god to reform the church
2. claimed he was gods vicar on earth
3. believed that only by eliminating lay investiture could the church regain its freedom
4.
500
The practice by which secular rulers both choose nominees to church offices and gave them the symbols of their office
What is Lay Investiture
500
a group of monks that were unhappy with the lack of discipline of their own Benidictine monastery
What is the Cistercian Order
500
Did the crusades have much effect on the European civilization ?
No, because they benefited the Italian port cities and even without it the Italians would have increased in trade.
500
What were some of the unfortunate side effects of the European society
1. the first widespread attack on the jews ban because of the crusades
500
Who was Nicholas of Cologne
he announced that god had inspired him to lead the children crusade to the holy land