Marine Science - Ch 2,3,8 & 9 (Water Properties & Distribution of Energy)

Seasons

100

incoming solar radiation

insolation

200

Process by which all places on Earth do not receive the same amount of energy from the Sun at all times of the year

differential heating

300

A measure of how much light that hits a surface is reflected without being absorbed.

albedo

400

Name the two major contributing factors to Earth's seasons.

1) Solar radiation 2) tilt of the Earth

500

The angle at which the sun’s rays strike a particular location on Earth.

angle of insolation

Water Properties

100

How is salt removed from the ocean?

Sedimentation

200

Any one of the units used when measuring salinity (double points for full term instead of acronym)

PPT (parts per thousand) or PSU (practical salinity units) or SG (Specific Gravity)

300

Number of hydrogen bonds ONE water molecule can be involved in

4

400

The attraction between a hydrogen atom on one water molecule and an oxygen atom on another water molecule.

hydrogen bond

500

Name 3 common salts found in sea water

 

•Sodium: Na+

•Chloride: Cl-

•Sulfate: (SO4)-2

•Magnesium: Mg+2

•Calcium: Ca+2

•Potassium: K+

•Bicarbonate: (HCO3)-1

Distribution of Energy

100

The primary source of Energy for Earth's system?

Solar (the sun)

200

The temperature within the top one meter of the ocean’s surface

sea surface temperature

300

A scientific tools used at sea to collect different types of data

buoy

400

Lines of equal temperature

isotherms

500

Transfer of energy through circulation of heated molecules

convection

Currents

100

Moving masses of water found in the top 400 meters of the ocean

surface currents

200

Persistent wind currents that move heat in the atmosphere

Prevailing winds

300

The circular flow of water formed by wind’s push & shape of the continents

Gyre

400

Which current flows north along the east coast of North America?

Gulf stream

500

Deep water circulation driven by salt concentration & density of the water

thermohaline circulation

MISC

100

Large masses of water that move in a certain direction and at a certain speed

currents

200

Something that looks dark __________ most of the light that hits it, indicating a _________ albedo

absorbs, low

300

Wind patterns that flow from west to east are called

westerlies

400

Deflection of a mass moving over Earth’s surface due to Earth’s rotation

Coriolis effect

500

Describes a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally, such as in a water molecule.

Polar