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Neural Tube Defects
Neurulation
NTDs in The Clinic
Teratogens
100
1) Anticonvulsant use during pregnancy 2) Folate deficiency during pregnancy 3) Diabetes mellitus
What are 3 common risk factors for the development of neural tube defects?
100
Anterior and posterior neuropores.
What are the neural tube openings on both ends called?
100
This presents with a soft tissue mass overlying the defect.
What is a common physical exam finding of meningocele?
100
Neural Tube Defects
What is the teratogenic effect of folate antagonists?
200
The most common type of neural tube defect and occurs due to failure of closure of dorsal vertebral arches.
What is Spina bifida occulta?
200
Day 25 and Day 27
What days does the neural tube close rostrally and caudally?
200
This presents with a small tuft of hair over the defect site.
What is a common physical exam finding in spina bifida occulta?
200
These are environmental agents, chemicals, medications, or infectious organisms that cause detrimental changes to the developing embryo.
What are Teratogens?
300
It occurs due to herniation of meninges through a dorsal vertebral defect.
What is Meningocele?
300
Derives the embryonic neural tube and neural crest cells.
What is the folding of the neural plate?
300
CNS infection Hydrocephalus Urinary tract infections due to neurogenic bladder dysfunction
What are common complications of NTDs?
300
1) Gestational week 1 2) Gestational weeks 3-8: 3) Gestational weeks 9-38:
What are the three gestational ages of an embryo important to teratogenic effects on the fetus?
400
It occurs due to herniation of meninges and spinal cord through a dorsal vertebral defect.
What is Myelomeningocele?
400
Forms the Neural Plate.
What is the neuroectoderm?
400
Prechordal Plate
What is the cranial end of the neural plate?
400
This caused by a disease which has teratogenic effects and causes caudal regression syndrome.
What is uncontrolled maternal diabetes mellitus?
500
It occurs due to failure of cranial neural tube to close leading to absence of forebrain, meninges and portions of the skull. This defect is not compatible with life.
What is Anencephaly?
500
Prosencephalon Mesencephalon Rhombencephalon
What are three primary embryonic brain vessels formed by the neural tube?
500
Thought to be the fetal form of serum albumin.
What is AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein)?
500
During this stage, maximal damage may occur from teratogens.
What is organogenesis period in Gestational weeks 3-8.