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Schedule of Reinforcement; Developing Complex Behavior
Chapters 17 & 18
Punishers and Penalties
Chapter 19
Ways to Decrease Unwanted Behavior
Chapter 20
Planning Reinforcement
Chapter 21
Evaluating Performance Change
Chapter 22
100
What are the two-fold advantages of thinning?
It allows you to have more time to reinforce other behaviors more frequently and it reduces satiation. (page 234-235)
100
What is a punisher (P+)?
A punisher is defined as any consequence that follows a behavior that causes a reduction in the frequency of that behavior.
100
The first step in correcting performance is to pinpoint the problem behavior/performance and the correct/ desired performance 

 a. True

 b. False

a. True, pinpoint both the the problem behavior/ performance and the correct/desired performance (Page 267)
100
Which one of the following increases effectiveness and efficiency in reaching goals of an organization?

 a. Cooperation

 b. Internal Competition 

 c. Criticism

a. Cooperation (page 285)
100
Data analysis is required at the organization level 

 a. Yes

 b. No

a. Yes, data analysis is required at the organizational level. (page 301)
200
What is chaining?
Chaining in behavioral psychology is a procedure that is the key to helping people master any complex performance. (page 241)
200
One key point about punishment is that behavior often stops only in the presence of the punisher (unless the punishment is severe). True or false?
True (page 256)
200
In PM, progressive discipline is the best method to correct performance. 

 Agree or disagree

Disagree as this method of correcting behavior does not include reinforcement for improvement. (page 275-276)
200
When should we use words like first, best, highest, top or most improved? 

 a. While comparing person to person performance or groups to groups performance 

 b. While comparing the person or group to its own previous performance

b. Tracking best ever performance for individuals and groups is a better practice and usually produces enthusiasm and pride in their accomplishments. (page 286)
200
Staggering the interventions is required in which of the following design? 

 a. Alternating treatments design 

b. Multiple baseline design

 c. Multielement design

b. Multiple baseline design (page 299) as most PM interventions do not start at the same time.
300
What are the two important elements to consider when setting goals?
Challenging and Attainable (page 244)
300
Why are punishment and penalty so popular?
If punishment is going to work, it will work right away. The use of punishment is frequently reinforced. (page 255)
300
What should be the minimum ratio between reinforcement and punishment while correcting the performance in any organization. 

 a. 3:1

 b. 2:5 

c. 4:1 

d. 1:1

c. 4:1 is the minimum ratio between reinforcement and punishment to maintain a high ratio of reinforcement to punishment. (page 271)
300
The accountability system as an alternative to forced distribution should consider

 a. positive reinforcement for managers and supervisors who do it right 

b. corrective feedback and additional training for those who don't do it right 

c. Both a & b 

d. None

c. Both a & b 

 The accountability system should provide positive reinforcement for managers and supervisors who do it right  as well as corrective feedback and additional training for those who don't do it right. (page 290)

300
Which of the following design is best to describe functional relation between an environment manipulation and behavior?

 

 a. ABAB design 

b. ABA design 

C. AB design

a. ABAB design (page 297) reveals the functional relation.
400
What are the three distinct activities that are involved when using shaping on an industrial scale?
Setting a sequence of attainable sub-goals, reinforcing behaviors along the way, celebrating each time a sub-goal is met. (page 247)
400
What is the best practice if punishment is necessary to reduce an unsafe or otherwise inappropriate behavior?
The best practice if punishment is necessary to reduce an unsafe or otherwise inappropriate behavior is to always find a replacement behavior to consistently reinforce. (page 262)
400
A person's performance under extinction depends on the person's history of__________ on the prior schedule.
Reinforcement (Page 263)
400
What is the best alternative to forced distributions? 


 a. To evaluate against the standard of performance or some criterion

 b. To do more frequent appraisals

a. (page 290) An Alternative consistent with the principles of Performance management is to evaluate against the standard of performance or some criterion.
400
Which design allows the simultaneous comparison of multiple treatments at the same time? 


 a. Multiple baseline design 

b. Alternating treatments design 

c. Multiple probe design

b. Alternating treatments design also called multielement design. (page 301)
500
In Setting goals, what are the five major sources of helpful information and data that are available?
The characteristic of the performance, the performer's past history, the performance of others, existing industrial engineered standards and participation by the performers. (page 247-251)
500
What are the negative side-effects of punishment?
Punishment creates escape-and-avoidance behavior, punishment may decrease desired as well as undesired performance, punishers and penalties never increase performance, punishment increases aggression, punishment is difficult to utilize effectively, unwanted recovery. (page 257-261)
500
It is important to understand the person's _________, before you start thinking about using a correction procedure. 

 a. MO 

b. History of Reinforcement 

 c. Schedule of Reinforcement

a. We can understand the motivating operation by performing PIC/NIC analysis or functional analysis(page 265).
500
What is a way to help people visualize success using common experiences associated with achievement? 

 a. Sub goal 

b. Pinpoint 

c. Theme 

d. Celebration

C. Theme (page 281)
500
There must be some overlap between the intervention on the first variable and the baseline of the later variables


a. Agree 

b. Disagree

a. Agree This overlap allows the comparison between the interventions and baselines of other variables in the same time period, as this would allow the comparisons between the interventions and baselines of other variables in the same time periods (page 299).