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Foucault
Concepts
Signifiers
Who said that?
Wild Card
100
This is one of the two propositions that, according to Hall, distinguished Foucault's position on discourse, knowledge and power from the Marxist theory of class interests and ideological "distortion"...
The application and effectiveness of power/knowledge was more important than the question of its truth... Foucault argued that power does not "function in the form of a chain" but that it circulates. It is "deployed and exercised through a net-like organization"
100
He is known as the father of modern linguistics
Who is Saussure.
100
Broadly, what are two versions of constructionism used to explain representation?
A semiotic orientation based on how language and signification worlds to produce meaning and a discursive orientation which analyzes how discourse produces knowledge and defines the subject positions.
100
Every one of his "fascinating lectures" was a little work of art in construction and composition.
Who is S. Freud?
100
Hall argues that this was Saussure's great achievement:
To force us to focus on language as a social fact. He showed that representation was a practice.
200
To what object are the micro-physics of power primarily applied in Foucault's model?
To the body. Foucault places the body at the center of the struggles between different formations of power/knowledge.
200
This is the embodying of concepts, ideas, and emotions in a symbolic form which can be transmitted and meaningfully interpreted
What are the practices of representation?
200
This expresses the idea that there is no relationship between a word and its referent
What is arbitrary?
200
"Subaltern is not just a classy word for oppressed, for Other, for somebody who's not getting a piece of the pie."
Who is Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak?
200
The major critique (according to Hall) levelled against Foucault's work:
He tends to absorb too much into "discourse" and this has the effect of encouraging his followers to neglect the influence of the material, economic and structural factors in the operation of power/knowledge. Some find his rejection of any criterion of "truth" in the human sciences vulnerable to the charge of relativism.
300
Hall suggests that this was one of Foucault's most powerful argument in his analysis of the painting Las Meninas...
That the painting does not have one, fixed, or final meaning.
300
Roland Barthes brought this approach to bear on reading popular culture, treating these activities and objects as signs, as a language through which meaning is communicated.
what is a semiotic approach?
300
these are ways of referring to or constructing knowledge about a particular topic of practice.
What are discourses?
300
Truth isn't outside power...Truth is a thing of this world; it is produced only by virtue of multiple forms of constraint. And it induces regular effects of power. Each society has its regime of truth, its general politics of truth
Who is M. Foucault
300
One way to think about culture, states Hall, is in terms of three inter-related concepts. What are these?
Shared conceptual maps, shared language systems, and the codes which govern the relationships of translation between them.
400
The two meanings of the Foucault subject include:
Subject to someone else's control and dependence Tied to his (her) own identity by a conscience and self-knowledge.
400
The observation noted by anthropologists like Sapir and Whorf that we are all locked into our cultural perspectives or "mind-sets" and that language is the best clue we have to that conceptual universe lies at the root of this:
What is cultural or linguistic relativism?
400
Saussuer analyzed the sign into two sub elements. What are these two elements?
the signifier - the actual word or image - and signified, the corresponding concept it triggered off in your head.
400
Your silence will not protect you
Audrey Lorde
400
Gertrude Stein's comment "A rose is a rose is a rose" is an example of which approach that explains how representation of meaning though language works.
What is the reflective or mimetic approach
500
Hall considered this to be Foucault's most radical propositions:
That the subject is produced within discourse
500
According to Hall, these fixe or govern the relationships between concepts and signs.
What are codes?
500
This approach refers to the how of representation
What is the Semiotic approach?
500
"Until I am free to write bilingually and to switch codes without having always to translate, while I still have to speak English or Spanish when I would rather speak Spanglish, and as long as I have to accommodate the English speakers rather than having them accommodate me, my tongue will be illegitimate."
Gloria E. Anzaldua
500
When is a sheep not a sheep?
When it is a kebab