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Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment
Philosophes
Philosophes
100
Which pair of ideas were central to the Scientific Revolution? (1) social stability and economic self-sufficiency (2) observation and experimentation (3) technology and military expansion (4) scarcity and interdependence
(2) observation and experimentation
100
Enlightenment thinkers encouraged the improvement of society through the (1) teachings of the church (2) use of reason (3) development of absolutism (4) establishment of a rigid social hierarchy
(2) Use of reason
100
Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke both agreed that a government should be based on the (1) separation of nationalities (2) religious values of the people (3) equal distribution of wealth (4) consent of the governed
(4) consent of the governed
100
One way in which Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau are similar is that they were (1) philosophers during the Age of Enlightenment (2) chief ministers during the French Revolution (3) leaders of the Italian unification movement (4) supporters of the Counter Reformation
(1) philosophers during the Age of Enlightenment
200
Which statement about the Scientific Revolution in Europe is accurate? (1) The existence of natural laws was rejected. (2) Scientists questioned traditional beliefs about the universe. (3) New ideas supported the geocentric theory of Ptolemy. (4) The Bible was used to justify new scientific findings.
(2) Scientists questioned traditional beliefs about the universe.
200
Many Enlightenment philosophers used reason to (1) reinforce traditional beliefs (2) strengthen religious authority (3) reveal natural laws (4) encourage censorship
(3) reveal natural laws
200
According to John Locke, the purpose of government is to (1) protect the natural rights of individuals (2) serve the monarch (3) create overseas settlements (4) stimulate the economy
(1) protect the natural rights of individuals
200
Which idea is most closely associated with laissez-faire economics? (1) communes (2) trade unionism (3) subsistence agriculture (4) free trade
(4) free trade
300
One way in which the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were similar is that they (1) encouraged the spread of new ideas (2) strengthened traditional institutions (3) led to the Protestant Reformation (4) rejected Renaissance individualism
(1) encouraged the spread of new ideas
300
Which idea became a central belief of the Enlightenment? (1) The use of reason would lead to human progress. (2) Mathematics could be used to solve all human problems. (3) The ancient Romans had the best form of government. (4) People should give up their natural rights to their rulers
(1) The use of reason would lead to human progress.
300
Adam Smith would most likely agree with which statement? (1) Revolution is the only solution to economic problems. (2) Five-year plans are necessary in order to industrialize. (3) All nations would benefit from an agricultural economy. (4) Government should follow a laissez-faire policy.
(4) Government should follow a laissez-faire policy.
300
One contribution that John Locke made to Enlightenment philosophy was the idea that (1) absolute monarchies should continue (2) the punishment should fit the crime (3) individual rights should be denied (4) governments should be based on the consent of the people
(4) governments should be based on the consent of the people
400
One similarity of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment is that both (1) had the support of the Roman Catholic Church (2) placed great value on traditional beliefs (3) emphasized the value of human reasoning (4) contributed to the end of feudalism
(3) emphasized the value of human reasoning
400
The ideas of Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu most influenced (1) the growing power of priests in the Roman Catholic Church (2) improvements in the working conditions of factory workers (3) the rise of industrial capitalism (4) movements for political reform
(4) movements for political reform
400
Which characteristic is associated with an economy based on the principles of laissez-faire? (1) prices based on supply and demand (2) production quotas established by the central government (3) distribution of goods determined by the customs of a traditional society (4) some goods exchanged for other goods of equal value
(1) prices based on supply and demand
400
According to John Locke, the chief role of government was to (1) protect natural rights (2) fight territorial wars (3) ensure the wealth of citizens (4) redistribute land
(1) protect natural rights
500
Which statement best describes the effects of the works of Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton, and René Descartes? (1) The acceptance of traditional authority was strengthened. (2) The scientific method was used to solve problems. (3) Funding to education was increased by the English government. (4) Interest in Greek and Roman drama was renewed.
(2) The scientific method was used to solve problems.
500
The Enlightenment philosophers believed that the power of government is derived from (1) divine right rulers (2) the middle class (3) a strong military (4) those who are governed
(4) Those who are governed
500
Which statement represents a central idea of laissez-faire economics? (1) Class struggles are based on inequities. (2) Workers should form unions to better their conditions. (3) Prices are best determined by supply and demand. (4) The government should own all means of production.
(3) Prices are best determined by supply and demand.
500
The ideas of Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu most influenced (1) the growing power of priests in the Roman Catholic Church (2) improvements in the working conditions of factory workers (3) the rise of industrial capitalism (4) movements for political reform
(4) movements for political reform