a type of learning that involves stimulus- response connections, in which the response is conditional on the stimulus
What is conditioning?
100
learning that is strengthened when behavior is followed by positive reinforcement
What is operant conditioning?
100
learning that occurs but remains hidden until there is a need to use it
What is latent learning?
100
a type of conditioned learning in which only some of the responses are reinforced
What is partial reinforcement?
100
in operant conditioning, a procedure in which reinforcement guides behavior toward closer approximations of the desired goal
What is shaping?
200
a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit an unconditioned response when that neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that normally causes an unconditioned response
What is classical conditioning?
200
a stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response
What is reinforcement?
200
learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others
What is observational learning
200
in operant conditioning, combining the steps of a sequence to progress toward a final action
What is chaining?
200
the tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics
What is generalization?
300
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits an unlearned, automatic response
What is unconditioned stimulus?
300
encouraging stimuli that increase the frequency of a behavior when they are presented
What is positive reinforcers?
300
a therapy procedure based on classical conditioning that replaces a negative response to a stimulus with a positive response
What is counterconditioning?
300
a type of classical conditioning in which a previously desirable or neutral food comes to be perceived as repugnant because it is associated with negative stimulation
What is taste aversion?
400
in classical conditioning, an unlearned, automatic response
What is unconditioned response?
400
stimuli, such as food or warmth, that have reinforcement value without learning
What is primary reinforcers?
400
learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others
What is observational learning?
400
a type of counterconditioning, used to treat phobias, in which a pleasant, relaxed state is associated with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
What is systematic desensitization?
400
a timetable for when and how often reinforcement for a particular behavior occurs
What is schedule of reinforcement
500
a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
What is conditioned response?
500
unpleasant stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior when they are removed
What is negative reinforcers?
500
learning that occurs regularly and is distributed over time
What is distributed learning?
500
in classical conditioning, the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus
What is extinction?
500
the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed