What kind of sedimentary rock is made from fossils?
Organic
100
What has to increase for metamorphism to occur?
Heat and pressure
100
Which of the following rocks is NOT normally used as a construction material:
1) marble
2) halite
3) limestone
4) granite
2) halite
200
What determines the composition of a rock?
The minerals it is made of
200
What kind of texture does igneous rock have when magma cools slowly?
Coarse-grained
200
The process in which sediment is dropped and comes to rest is called ____
Deposition
200
The process in which rock changes shape is called
Deformation
200
What process forms sediment?
Weathering
300
What rock was used to construct the pyramids at Giza?
Limestone
300
Partially decomposed plant material forms ____
Coal
300
When shale is exposed to slight heat and pressure, what foliated metamorphic rock does it become?
Slate
300
What are the main categories of sedimentary rock?
Clastic, chemical and organic
400
Name the 4 processes that help to shape earth's surfaces.
Weathering, erosion, deposition and uplift
400
How does the rate at which magma cools affect its texture?
Slow cooling--large crystals, coarse-grained
Fast cooling--small or no crystals, fine-grained
400
What happens in the process of stratification?
Sediment is laid down layer by layer
400
How is a brick similar to metamorphic rock?
A brick is made from clay which is then baked.
Bricks metamorphose because they have different properties from the dried clay.
400
When temperature and pressure change, what can happen to the minerals in the rock?
They can melt and recrystallize into new minerals OR
They change into other minerals.
500
How are uplift and weathering different?
Uplift--occurs as a result of activity underneath earth's surface.
Weathering--process that occurs at the earth's surface
500
Describe 2 differences between mafic igneous rock and felsic igneous rock.
Mafic--darker in color, heavier (denser), rich in iron/magnesium/calcium
Felsic--lighter in color, lighter (less dense), rich in aluminum/silicon/sodium/potassium
500
How is clastic sedimentary rock different from chemical sedimentary rocks?
Clastic--form from rock fragments that are cemented together
Chemical--made of dissolved minerals that eventually crystallize
500
Imagine you need to make a tool from a very large rock. You can choose between foliated rock and nonfoliated rock. Which would be the best choice?
Nonfoliated--foliated is arranged in bands and would be easier to break
500
How do mud cracks form?
They form when fine-grained sediments are exposed to the air and dry out.