If an animal cell is placed in distilled water, it will swell and burst. The bursting of the cell is a result of which biological process?
A. active transport
B. enzyme activity
C. osmosis
D. respiration
C. osmosis
100
Which of the following lists identifies organisms that are producers in food webs?
A. algae, ferns, sunflowers
B. mushrooms, bacteria, earthworms
C. termites, red foxes, shrews
D. woodpeckers, cardinals, grasshoppers
A. algae, ferns, sunflowers
100
Hawaiian happy face spiders from the island of Maui can have different markings, as shown below. A single gene
A plain spider is crossed with a patterned spider. The patterned spider is homozygous. The pattern allele is dominant to the plain allele.
What percentage of the offspring from this cross are expected to be patterned instead of plain?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 100%
(Q5)
D. 100%
100
Lemur body types can vary widely. In addition to fossils and comparative anatomy, which of the following types of evidence can scientists reliably use to study the evolution of the variety of lemur body types?
A. lifespan
B. population sizes
C. DNA sequences
D. male-to-female ratio
C. DNA sequences
100
In the human body, fibrinogen is necessary for sealing cuts and stopping the loss of blood. Since fibrinogen is made of chains of amino acids, it is an example of which type of organic molecule?
A. carbohydrate
B. protein
C. fatty acid
D. nucleic acid
B. protein
200
In which of the following ways does a bacterial cell differ from an animal cell?
A. A bacterial cell is much larger than an animal cell.
B. A bacterial cell has more mitochondria than an animal cell.
C. A bacterial cell has RNA for its genetic material, whereas an animal cell does not.
D. A bacterial cell does not have membrane-bound organelles, whereas an animal cell does.
D. A bacterial cell does not have membrane-bound organelles, whereas an animal cell does.
200
Which of the following lemurs would be classified as a secondary consumer?
A. a mouse lemur eating insects
B. a Verreaux’s sifaka eating leaves
C. a ring-tailed lemur eating fruits
D. a red-bellied lemur eating flowers
A. a mouse lemur eating insects
200
During DNA replication, the wrong nucleotide was inserted in the DNA sequence. Which of the following terms describes this situation?
A. mutation
B. regeneration
C. transcription
D. translation
A. mutation
200
There are at least 88 species of lemurs in existence today. Which of the following conditions most likely existed and made it possible for Madagascar’s original lemur ancestors to evolve into many species on the island?
A. presence of a deadly virus that infected only lemurs
B. complete isolation from other small mammal species
C. new niches to adapt to in the absence of a large number of competitors
D. climatic conditions that were very different from those on mainland Africa
C. new niches to adapt to in the absence of a large number of competitors
200
All organisms have ways to produce ATP. Which of the following statements describes why ATP is a critical compound for all cells?
A. It causes mitosis to begin.
B. It is an energy-transfer molecule.
C. It is a major component of cell membranes.
D. It carries information from DNA to the ribosomes.
B. It is an energy-transfer molecule.
300
Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?
A. Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions.
B. Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquid during
the reactions.
C. The reactions take up too much space in the cell if enzymes are missing.
D. The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.
D. The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.
300
A builder is proposing a new housing development in an area of western Massachusetts. Construction of the housing development will destroy the wetland habitat in the area.
Which of the following would be the most likely consequence of the wetland’s destruction?
A. The wetland plant species would disperse to adjacent meadow habitats.
B. The populations of wetland animals would be unable to survive in that area.
C. The wetland animal species would survive by interbreeding with
non-wetland species.
D. The populations of wetland plants would evolve to disperse seeds by wind rather than water.
B. The populations of wetland animals would be unable to survive in that area.
300
A partial Punnett square is shown below.
Which of the following statements describes the parental genotypes that would result in this Punnett square?
A. Both parents are heterozygous.
B. Both parents are homozygous dominant.
C. One parent is homozygous recessive and the other parent is heterozygous.
D. One parent is homozygous dominant and the other parent is heterozygous.
(Q17)
D. One parent is homozygous dominant and the other parent is heterozygous.
300
Lobsters and spiders are both classified in the phylum Arthropoda. Lobsters and spiders are therefore also classified in the same
A. class.
B. family.
C. genus.
D. kingdom.
D. kingdom.
300
A portion of one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence shown below.
ACCTGAAGG
Assuming there are no mutations in this portion of the DNA, what is the corresponding sequence on the complementary DNA strand?
A. ACCTGAAGG
B. GTTCAGGAA
C. TGGACTTCC
D. UGGACUUCC
C. TGGACTTCC
400
Scientists believe that the first organisms that appeared on Earth were prokaryotic. Which of the following best represents what the cell structure of these organisms may have looked like? (Q7)
C
400
Which of the following relationships is an example of mutualism?
A. A lion eats a gazelle.
B. A virus uses both a bird and a horse as hosts.
C. A bacterium breaks down dead plant materials.
D. A bird eats food particles from a crocodile’s teeth.
D. A bird eats food particles from a crocodile’s teeth.
400
According to Mendel’s law of segregation, which of the following statements describes what happens to the alleles of a gene pair?
A. The alleles are moved to different chromosomes.
B. The alleles are mutated in the process of mitosis.
C. The alleles are separated during fertilization.
D. The alleles are separated during gamete formation.
D. The alleles are separated during gamete formation
400
The rock pipit and the water pipit are two types of birds found in the United Kingdom and other areas of Europe. The rock pipit and the water pipit have similar appearances and their habitat ranges overlap.
Which of the following observations most likely caused scientists to classify the birds as separate species?
A. The rock pipit is not able to produce fertile offspring with the water pipit.
B. The rock pipit population in the United Kingdom is larger than the water pipit population.
C. The rock pipit eats insects, fish, and seeds, but the water pipit eats only insects and larvae.
D. The rock pipit remains in the United Kingdom year-round, but the water pipit only overwinters there.
A. The rock pipit is not able to produce fertile offspring with the water pipit.
400
A scientist is analyzing a sample of tissue from a plant. Which of the following elements will be most abundant in the sample?
A. zinc and copper
B. sodium and chlorine
C. carbon and hydrogen
D. magnesium and calcium
C. carbon and hydrogen
500
Lemurs’ bodies are adapted to efficiently store energy for times when food is scarce. This adaptation may help to explain how lemur ancestors survived the trip across the Mozambique Channel from mainland Africa to Madagascar.
Which of the following types of molecules are primarily used for long-term energy storage in
the lemur?
A. lipids
B. monosaccharides
C. nucleic acids
D. proteins
A. lipids
500
Which of the following human activities reduces biodiversity?
A. prohibiting hunting in wildlife preserves
B. taking tissue samples from members of endangered species
C. planting only native grass species to prevent erosion beside highways
D. planting only red pine trees to replace native hardwood forests cut for lumber
D. planting only red pine trees to replace native hardwood forests cut for lumber
500
Which of the following features of DNA is most important in determining the phenotype of an organism?
A. the direction of the helical twist
B. the number of deoxyribose sugars
C. the sequence of nitrogenous bases
D. the strength of the hydrogen bonds
C. the sequence of nitrogenous bases
500
Scientists have concluded that snakes evolved from an ancestor with legs. Which of the following statements provides the best evidence for this conclusion?
A. Most species of snakes live on land.
B. Snakes move extremely fast to catch their prey.
C. Snakes have a well-developed backbone and muscular system.
D. Some species of snakes have limb buds during their embryonic development.
D. Some species of snakes have limb buds during their embryonic development.
500
Leaves from two white clover plants, each with a different pattern, are shown below.
The leaf patterns are genetically determined by alleles of a single gene. Plant 1 is homozygous for the chevron allele. Plant 2 is homozygous for the oval allele. The chevron and oval alleles are codominant.
If plant 1 and plant 2 are crossed, the codominance of the alleles will most likely result in which of the following leaf patterns on the offspring plants?
(Q29)