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CellTheory
Prokaryotes
Eukaryote
Cell Membrane
Cell Division
100
Give the three statements of the cell theory.
Cells are the smallest units of life Living organisms are composed of cells Cells come from preexisting cells
100
Give an example of a prokaryote.
E.Coli
100
Eukaryotes are considered true bacteria because of having this.
A true Nucleus
100
A phospholipid bilayer is made of what?
Hydrophilic phosphate head and 2 hydrophobic lipid tails.
100
These are two cell division processes that are only in Eukaryotes.
Mitosis Meiosis
200
When cells in a multicellular organism are able to develope in different ways and therefore have different functions.
Differentiation
200
Organisms that thrive in harsh conditions
Extremophiles
200
The five kingdoms
Animalia Protista Monera Fungi Plantae
200
Define the terms Diffusion and Osmosis.
Diffusion - The gradual, passive movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Osmosis - The passive diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane.
200
True or False: Through Binary Fission, all cells that are generated are different.
FALSE
300
This person discovered the cell in 1665.
Robert Hooke
300
Fill in the blanks: "Prokaryotes reproduce _____ through ____ ____ and _____."
Asexually Binary Fission Budding
300
As a part of this theory, organelles such the mitochondrion and chloroplast are said to have evolved from prokaryotes that had taken refuge inside eukaryotic cytoplasm.
Endosymbiotic theory
300
Explain what active transport does, and what it needs to perform.
It transports molecules against a concentration gradient through an integral protein transporter in the membrane. They need ATP to perform.
300
These are the parts of the Eukaryotic cell cycle. They are usually diplayed as a circle and include stages such as the S phase. Name in order from beginning to end. Also explain, simply, what happens within those parts.
G1- Gap 1- growth and replication of organelles S Phase- DNA Synthesis- DNA replication G2- Gap 2- Organelles needed for cell division are produced M- Mitosis- Cell undergoes 6 stages of cell division
400
Explain the importance of surface area to volume ratio in limiting cell size
More cytoplasm means more heat and waste products are generated and a higher demand for oxygen and nutrients, which are exchanged across the cell surface, but the surface area to volume ratio decreases as size increases.
400
The 8 features of a prokaryotic cell. Name at least 6.
Cell wall Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Plasmid 70s ribosomes Nucleoid containing Naked DNA Pili Flagellae.
400
The 9 features of a eukaryotic cell. Name at least 7.
80s ribosomes Lysosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum Centrioles Nuclear envelope Nucleus - Nuclear Pore Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Cytoplasm.
400
Explain the terms Endo and exocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Endocytosis - When the plasma membrane folds inwards, forming a vesicle which then buds off Exocytosis - Secretion; a vesicle in the cytoplasm joins the plasma membrane Phagocytosis- When one cell gets hungry and “eats” solid particles.
400
The process in which multicellar organisms replace worn out cells through cell division. EXTRA 1000 POINT QUESTION OH MY GODDD!!!!!!!!!! Fill in the blanks: "In humans this occurs every ___(Number) divisions, and is known as the _____ Limit"
Degradation EXTRA POINT ANSWER: 52, Hayflick
500
Put the following in order from smallest to largest: cell, virus, bacteria, membrane thickness, organelle, molecule.
Molecule Membrane thickness Virus Bacteria Organelle Cell
500
These are the four various shapes of prokaryotes.
Cocci- Spherical Bacilli- Rod shaped Spirochaete- Spiral Vibrio- Comma-Shaped
500
Give the 6 features of an animal cell that are different in a plant cell.
No cell wall No large central vacuole Cholesterol in plasma membrane Centrioles are present Store glycogen Mitochondrion instead of chloroplast.
500
Produced by S.J Singer and Garth Nicolson to describe the structural features of the biological membrane. EXTRA 1000 Point QUESTION YEAA!! In what year did they produce this?
Fluid Mosaic Model EXTRA POINT ANSWER: 1972
500
Name and explain, simply, the stages of Mitosis
Interphase- Preparation for Mitosis Prophase- Chromatin condense into chromosomes, Centrioles are formed and move to the cell's poles. Metaphase- Spindle Fibers attach to the centromeres and align the chromosomes in the middle. Anaphase- Spindle fibers pull apart the chromosomes from one another, the separated sister chromatids are pulled towards the poles. Telophase- Spindle fibers go away, nuclear envelope reforms