Show:
The story of Sperm
Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary and the 4 F's
Pictures are worth a 1000 words
Swinging with Swenson (mostly female Repro)
100
What do Leydig cells secrete?
Testosterone
100
What type of cell secretes prolactin?
Mammotropes (acidophil)
100
WHat are the two secretions of the Posterior Pituitary and what does each do respectively?
Oxytocin: helps milk let down, and uterine contractions ADH: decreases urine production, constricts ateries, and decreases sweat
100
Slide 18 What this a picture of?
Parathyroid, or thyroid depending on what you identified
100
What separates the granulosa cells from the theca interna?
There is a basement membrane between the granulosa cells and the theca interna.
200
What do sertoli cells secrete? And what does each secretion do? (3 things)
Androgen binding protein (sequesters testosterone) Inhibin, inhibits FSH secretion Activin, promotes FSH secretion
200
What stimuli causes the release of somatostatin? What does somatostatin do and to what cells does it target?
High blood sugar causes the hypothalamus to secrete somatostatin which targets the somatotropes (acidophils) in the AP, and causes them to stop releasing Growth Hormone.
200
What two hormones does the thyroid secrete? What cells secrete them? What do they both do?
Calcitonin (C-cells or parafollicular) and T3/T4 (follicular cells) Calcitonin inhibits bone breakdown, and reduces resorption of Ca from renal tubules T3/T4 increases basal metablism, lipid and glucose release into blood
200
Slide 6 What is this?
What is the anterior pituitary (notice the acido, baso, and chromophils)
200
What do granulosa cells of the graffian follicle secrete mostly?
Granulosa cells of the Graffian follicle are mostly involved in secreting estrogen.
300
Trace sperm out starting at seminiferous tubules
Seminiferous tubules to tubuli recti to rete testis to efferent ductules to epididymis to vas deferens to ejaculatory duct to prostatic urethra to diaphragmatic urethra to membranous and finally to spongy urethra
300
What are the basophil cells in the AP?
Corticotropes, thyrotropes, and Gonadotropes
300
What do follicular cells do and how do they do it?
Make thryoglobulin protein and secrete it into apical space for storage Take up iodide from the blood Add iodide to thyroglobulin, then reuptake thryoglobulin by endocytosis and break it into T3 and T4 Secrete T3 and T4 into blood by exocytosis
300
Slide 03_norm_d
Ovary, with a primary oocyte surrounded by simple layer of squamous follicular cells
300
What is the decidua basalis and when does it form?
When the zygote implants on the mother's endometrium it forms what is called the decidua basalis. It is maternal tissue where the trophoblast connects, and forms what is the placenta.
400
How is spermatogensis controlled in males?
Hypothalamus secretes GnRH which stimulatse AP to secrete FSh and LH. LH stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone. FSH stimulates Sertoli cells to produce androgen binding protein that sequesters testosterone.
400
List all the hormones secreted by the AP and their target tissue?
GH goes to all body tissues especially Bone, Muscle, and Adipose Prolactin goes to mammary glands and testes ACTH goes to Adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata) Lipotrophin goes to ? FSH goes to ovaries and testes LH goes to ovaries and testes TSH goes to follicular cells of Thyroid
400
List the layers of the adrenal cortex and what each layer secretes
Zona Glomerulosa secretes Aldosterone Zona Fasciculata secretes Cortisol Zona Reticulares secretes Dihydroepiandrosterone
400
Slide 54_norm What is this?
Placenta, notice layer of syncitiotrophoblast and underneath that the cytotrophoblast with fetal capillaries
400
What two layers is the tunica albuginia of the ovary located between?
The tunica albuginia of the ovary is, indeed, located between the germinal epithelium and the cortex of the ovary. The Graffian follicle must perforate this layer in order to be released from the ovary.
500
Describe the process of spermatogensis (what turns into what) and describe how you would differentiate between the different cells in spermatogenesis progression.
Spermatogonia (large, euchromatic) give rise to primary spermatocytes which give rise to secondary spermatocytes (more heterochromatic nuclei, and smaller, sometimes you can see metaphase) and finally to spermatids (small, near the center of the seminiferous tubule)
500
Describe the development of the neurohypophysis and the adenohypophysis and give at least one other name for each of them.
Adenohypophysis comes from the mouth (anterior pituitary, or the pars distalis), surrounds the neurohypophysis, leaving Rathke's Pouch or pars intermedis between them. The neurohypophysis (pars nervosis) comes from the hypothalamus, bringing with it axons from the hypothalamus which will store the future secretions of the posterior pituitary
500
What are the 4 endocrine cells of the pancreas and what does each secrete?
Beta Cells: insulin Alpha cells: glucagon Delta cells: somatostatin F-cells: pancreatic polypeptide
500
33_norm What is this?
Corpus spongiusom, note layer of tunica albugenea
500
Slide 43_norm What is this?
Pineal gland, not the "sand like" particles called "corpora arenacea."