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History of LD's & SLD's
LD Philosophers
LD Laws
LD's & the brain
Reading & Dyslexia
100
Several significant events emerged during this period including description of what we know call dyslexia today, a connection between the brain and the process of reading, and finally several publications about reading disabilities.
What is The European Foundations Period
100
She worked with Dr. Orton as a research associate and really did a lot in developing remedial reading programs for students with reading disabilities. Her greatest accomplishment might be the idea of establishing a discrepancy between a child’s IQ and their actual achievement. She introduced the notion of discrepancy between actual achievement and expected achievement as a way of identifying students with reading disabilities.
Who is Marion Monroe
100
This law established funds for demonstration programs for infants and preschoolers with disabilities and their families.
What is The Handicapped Children's Early Education Assistance Act
100
These are the three areas of the brain involved in reading.
What are broca's area, middle or "temporal-parietal" area, and rearmost area.
100
This is a process that involves understanding the grapheme-phoneme relationship and translating printed words into representations similar to oral language
What is decoding
200
The period in which clinicians and researchers in the United States began to take an interest in the work of the Europeans who had been studying brain-behavior relationships and children and adults with learning difficulties. The U.S. researchers focused their efforts on language and reading disabilities and perceptual, perceptual-motor, and attention disabilities. Primary among these were Samuel Orton, Grace Fernald, Marion Monroe, and Samuel Kirk.
What is the U.S. Foundation Period
200
He is generally known for being the one who did the most to promote the idea that speech functions primarily reside in the left side of the brain. He based his case on autopsies of several patients who had had impaired speech while alive. He concluded that a small section of the left side of the brain was responsible for speech.
Who is Pierre Paul Broca
200
This law mandates that all individuals with disabilities ages 3 to 21 years must have access to a free, appropriate public education. It includes incentive funds to states for providing preschool programs for children with disabilities.
What is IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) or Education for All Handicapped Children Act
200
This diet calls for the elimination of certain artificial coloring, flavoring, aspartame, and salicylates.
What is the Feingold Diet.
200
This is the art or study of correct spelling according to established usage, the aspect of language study concerned with letters and their sequences in words, a method of representing a language or the sounds of language by written symbols
What is orthography
300
A phonics-based, multisensory method using the visual, auditory, and kinesthetic modalities for reading decoding and spelling instruction.
What is the Orton-Gillingham Approach
300
He first introduced the term learning disability in 1963 at a conference in Chicago, was a professor at the University of Arizona and is considered the Father of Special Education.
Who is Dr. Samuel L Kirk
300
This act is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. It targets resources for the early childhood years in recognition of the importance of starting school with the requisite knowledge and skills to be a successful teacher.
What is the No Child Left Behind Act
300
This is when the major organs of the body begin to form.
What is organogenesis.
300
This type of phonics instruction examines letter and sound patterns across words. It is based on the learning principle of moving from the "known to the unknown".
What is analytic, or implicit, phonics
400
A child that exhibits problems distinguishing between sounds in words and has problems with spelling may be diagnosed with which disability?
What is dyslexia
400
This is how Franz Joseph Gall's role was significant in making the connection between parts of the brain and specific behaviors and learning processes.
What is Gall’s research led him to identifying at least three regions of the brain that had specific functions including a region devoted to intellectual behaviors, a region devoted to vital sources (movement and sensation), and moral qualities. Knowing what these regions are helps us to interpret behaviors and develop proper intervention techniques for children in need.
400
What is the significance of IDEA?
What is it is the first landmark piece of federal legislation regarding special education. It ensures that all children with disabilities will receive the education they deserve.
400
A person who has a "smooth brain", which is characterized by the absence of normal folds in the cerebral cortex and an abnormally small head, has this particular brain disorder.
What is lissencephaly
400
When a teacher reads with a student, but purposely keeps their voice lower until the students falters on a word in order to help the student build fluency, they are using this method of teaching reading
What is the neurological impress method, or NIM
500
A child who struggles with writing and holding onto a pencil may have which SLD.
What is dysgraphia.
500
This is the significance of Samuel Orton's discovery that teaching letter sounds is not enough, and there is a need for sound blending.
What is more knowledge for modern teachers, a more thorough understanding of how children learn to read, and the skills that are necessary for successful reading.
500
A teacher decides a pull out program is ineffective for a student, and he should be educated in the general education setting. To which law would this apply?
What is the Regular Education Initiative.
500
A person whose central nervous system has a cyst or cavity in a cerebral hemisphere of the brain, which can occur before or after birth, has this particular brain disorder
What is porencephaly
500
When a teacher uses a dialogue between teacher and student that consists of summarizing, question generating, clarifying, and predicting and the teacher and students take turns assuming the role of teacher in leading the dialogue, the teacher is using this method of teaching
What is reciprocal teaching