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Social Epidemiology Pathways
Socioeconomic Status
The Causal Continuum Model
Key Terms in Social and Behavioral Epidemiology
Theories and Models
100
Sociostructral conditions (Macro) and social networks (mezzo) are examples of these types of factors in the Pathways model.
What are upstream factors?
100
People with this SES status experience higher levels of stress in their daily lives.
What is lower SES?
100
Variables that have direct influence on health.
What are proximate variables?
100
A set of interrelated concepts, constructs, and propositions that represent a systematic view of a domain of study for the purpose of explaining and predicting phenomena.
What is a theory?
100
These models focus on people's knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about a topic.
What are cognitive models?
200
Self-efficacy is an example of this pathway.
What are psychological pathways?
200
In the absence of income data, this characteristics is often used as a proxy measure of SES.
What is race?
200
These variables are more difficult to intervene because they tend to be less amenable to change than individual risk factors. Hint: Poverty is an example of this variable.
What are distal variables?
200
This characteristic of communities, neighborhoods and populations can be viewed as an aspect of social cohesion and integration.
What is social capital?
200
This model is concerned with the ways in which individuals monitor their behavior and its consequences and continually make adjustments to "regulate" their actions to achieve life goals.
What is the Self-Regulatory Model?
300
According to the diagram of pathways of influence between social environmental factors and health, these networks provide opportunities for psychosocial mechanisms.
What are social networks?
300
This ethnic group experiences better health advantages than other socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.
What is Hispanic?
300
Intervening variables channeling negative influence of distal factors through specific mechanisms.
What are intermediate variables?
300
A study of disease that investigates the relationship between disease patterns and religion.
What is cultural epidemiology?
300
This type of model, also known as a "stage model", is built around the principle that people rarely make significant changes in theier health-related behavior all at once.
What is the Transtheoretical Model?
400
Sexual contact is an example of these type of downstream factors in the Pathways model.
What are psychosocial mechanisms?
400
This theory, used to help explain the link between SES and health, postulates that poor health status determines social position.
What is the Health Selection Theory?
400
Distal determinants are sometimes discussed as "structural" or "___________" causes.
What is fundamental?
400
Coming from the field of psychology, this term is concerned with the ways in which individuals monitor their behavior and its consequences and promotes them to make adjustments to achieve life goals
What is self-regulation?
400
The Theory of Planned Behavior Model posits that intentional behavior is determined by these three factors.
What is 1) attitude toward the behavior, 2) subjective social norms, and 3) perceived behavioral control?
500
Reinforcement of meaningful social roles, bonding/interpersonal attachment and physical/cognitive exercise are examples of this psychosocial mechanism (micro) in the Pathway model.
What is Social Engagement?
500
A famous SES study conducted among a national sample of adults, including the very poor, in the United States.
What is the National Survey of Families and Households?
500
Current epidemiologic models use more complex multilevel schema, such as the "____ of _____".
What is "web" and "causation"?
500
This phenomenon describes an experience common when income disparities are pronounced and highly visible, and it may trigger hostility, depression, and other adverse psychological reactions.
What is relative deprivation?
500
These nine levels comprise the Biopsychosocial Model (list in ascending order).
What are 1) genetic level, 2) molecular level, 3) cellular level, 4) organ level, 5) individual (mind/body), 6) interpersonal level, 7) community/organizational level, 8) societal level, and 9) global systems level?