Show:
Pain
Sodium
Potassium
Fluid Balance
Calcium
100
Suffering Physical and psychosocial dysfunction Impaired recovery from acute illness and surgery
What is the result of untreated pain
100
deprivation of water or hypertonic tube feedings
What are causes of hypernatremia
100
a prolonged application of the tourniquet
What is a cause of psuedohyperkalemia
100
Diffusion
What is the process of molecules moving from high to low concentration
100
99% in bones
Where is calcium found
200
Fear of addiction Fear of tolerance
What are some barriers to effective pain management
200
Use of diuretics, Loss of GI fluids
What are signs of hyponatremia
200
Rapid infusion of red blood cells
What is one cause of hyperkalemia
200
The process of active transport
What is the process when molecules move against the gradient and use energy
200
Malignancy Multiple myeloma and lymphoma Malignancies with bone metastasis Lung and breast cancer
What are some causes of hypercalcemia
300
Abnormal processing of sensory input by the peripheral or central nervous system
What is neuropathic pain
300
Burns, SIADH, Trauma, stroke
What are some causes of hyponatremia
300
GI losses: diarrhea, vomiting, fistulas, NG suction, laxative abuse, NPO status
What are some causes of hypokalemia
300
Osmosis
What is the process that occurs when water moves across a semi permeable membrane to an area of higher concentration
300
Lithium use Thiazide diuretics Vitamin A and D intoxication Calcium supplements
What are some drugs that cause hypercalcemia
400
Pattern of Pain: onset, duration Area of Pain Intensity of Pain Pain Quality Associated Symptoms Management Strategies
What are the characteristics of pain that we assess?
400
Water restriction ordered
What is one medical management of hyponatremia
400
Electrocardiogram Changes Irregular pulse Cardiac arrest
What are some cardiac signs and symptoms of hypkalemia
400
Hydrostatic pressure
What is the force within a compartment (i.e. a vascular space)
400
↓ deep-tendon reflexes
What is a sign/symptom of hypercalcemia
500
“Start low, go slow”
What is the slogan for gerontologic pain management
500
abdominal cramping, seizures, headache, respiratory arrest
What are some signs and symptoms of hyponatremia
500
Kayexalate
What a drug used to treat hyperkalemia
500
3% sodium choloride, 5% sodium chloride
What are hypertonic fluids
500
Cardiac monitoring: if not on cardiac monitoring, be prepared for this emergency situation
What should the nurse initiate for hypercalcemia