Darius I was king of Persia tries to capture mainland of Greece.
1.northern route of Aegean Sea- storm destroyed fleet
2.sent fleet directly across Aegean- MARATHON, outnumbered 20,000 to 10,000; Athenians win; 6400 lost men- Athens lost 192
3.480 BC Persians returned Darius's son Xerxes attacked at Thermopylae (Themistocles- Athenian General + King Leonidas- Sparta)
What is the Persian war?
100
Who were the Macedonians? How were they referred to by Greeks?
Greek speaking descendants of the Dorians much like the Spartans; "backward mountain people"
100
Became King of___ and___at age __.
Tutored by___.
Traveled with a staff of___and a___ to chronicle his campaigns.
(?) Egypt, Lybia, Dart of Dolt of Syria
(?) Other part of Syria, Mesopotamia and Afghanistan
(?) Macedonia, Greece, and the rest
Ptolemy; Seleucus; Antigonus
200
What are helots? What are perioeci?
slaves conquered by the Polis, Sparta; artists/ merchants from Sparta.
200
461-429 BC. Pericles is ruling. Parthenon is built.
What is Golden Age of Athens?
200
Who became king of Macedonia in 359 B.C.? Where was he held hostage and what did he admire about it?
Philip II; Thebes; culture and military
200
(?) Granicus River: Ionia is freed. Victorious over Persians.
(?) Issus River: Invaded Egypt. Hellenic + Asia= Hellenistic. Another victory over Persia.
(?) Defeats Darius. Gaugemela. "Key victory for Alexander"
(?) India
334 BC; 333 BC; 331 BC; 327 BC;
200
Upon Alexander's death political unity disappeared within his empire, but the Greek___, systems of__ and way of__ continued to spread and flourish throughout the__land.
Language; thought; life; conquered
300
what are the four levels of control and what do they do?
King (monarchy)=little responsibility. Assembly= citizens over 20 pass laws and make war decisions. Ephors= elected. There were 5 of them and they could veto and they run public affairs. Council of elders=28 men over 60.
300
After Delos Island. "United nations" an alliance of Greek city states for the purpose of preventing Persian attacks;
A league against the previous one.
What is the Delian league vs. Anti-Delian League?
300
What three things was King Philip determined to do?
1. create a strong and vast army
2. unify Greece once and for all
3. Destroy Persian empire
300
323 BC died in___ from a fever most likely___.
Alexander died in 323 BC. Malaria.
300
Aspects of life in Alexandria?
1. Intellectual center
2. Trade
3. Architecture was advanced, had many right angles and was very organized
4. Women had a lot more rights and their status was lifted
400
What were the three results of Spartan militarism?
1. They lag behind manufacturing and trade
2. Their economy suffered, less wealthy.
3. They lagged behind in intellectual accomplishments. Dominated Olympics.
400
(431-404 BC.) Athens + Delian League vs. Sparta +Persia 'Anti Delian League'.
Caused by Jealousy and control of Greece
Spartans won
What is the Peloponnesian War?
400
What were the Greek city states weakened by? Who appealed to all Greeks to fight for their liberty?
Pelopponesian War and cooperate in resisting Philip; Demosthenes
400
Initial goal was to seek revenge against_. Goal went from "West against East" to "__and___" an empire combining the best of ___ and___ and the best of __ and___ cultures into one civilization.
Hellenistic philosophy focused on personal behavior, especially the question of how to__peace of__.
1.(?) he questioned and is very critical. Did not believe in material possesion
2.(?) (flat-liners) avoid Joy and pain. refuse to be involved in politics.
3. (?) a life of reason. Opposed to change. "reactionary"
What were the three differences between Athens and Sparta?
Values- military vs. Education
Cultures- suspicious/ no trust vs. open minded and roles of women
Accomplishments- few vs. a lot
500
What were the consequences of the Pelopennesian War?
1. All city states lost population
2. unemployment in Greece
3. soldiers became mercinaries for Sparta
4. fighting destroyed countryside
5. Greece lost ability to govern themselves
(Hellenic Period)
500
(338 BC) Philip conquered all of Greece except Sparta and announced that he would lead all of Greece and Macedonia in a war against__.
(336 BC) Philip was killed and his son with his first wife (Olympus),__became King.
Persia; Alexander
500
1. Started to dress like Persians
2. imitated Persian daily lives
3. encouraged Greek soldiers to marry Persian women(alliances unify)
4. Mercenaries, hired Persians to be in his army
What are examples of promoting the goal of combining the best of Greek and Middle Eastern cultures into one civilization?
500
A comedy writer. Made fun of politics
The sun is larger than Earth. Earth revolved around Sun.
Estimated correct circumferance of Earth. Earth is round.