Enteral & Parenteral Feeding Routes
Short term use as prolonged use can cause sinusitis or nasal mucosal ulceration
- Cannot use in patients with gastric ileus
what is Nasogastric Tube
contain all or some of:
protein, carbs, fats electrolytes, vitamins, and minerals
What is enteral nutrients
Convenient, less risk, less costly
What is the pros of enteral nutrition
evidenced by a fever or elevated WBC count
what is infection or sepsis
room temperature
what is temperature feedings be administered
Long term use
- Usually placed to facilitate immediate postoperative or post-injury feeding*
what is a Jejunostomy tube
also known as polymeric or intact and contains, whole proteins (milk, meat, eggs) or protein isolates
what is standard formulas
has a higher infection rate
what is total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Constipation, diarrhea, cramping, pain, abdominal distention, dumping syndrome, N/V
What is signs gastrointestinal
improved nutritional status, weight maintenance of gain, positive nitrogen balance
what is desired outcomes of PN
nasogastric
nasoduodenal
nasojejunal
What are the transnasal routes of enteral nutrition
includes amino acids, dextrose, electrolytes, vitamins, and trace elements in sterile water
what is parenteral nutrients
provides a nutritionally complete solution, used when calorie needs are very high, when the anticipated duratio is greater than 7 days, or when the solution is hypertonic
what is total parenteral nutrition
1. infection
2. fluid overload
3. metabolic complications
What is three main complications of total parenteral nutrition
given to those who have trouble swallowing but have functional GI systems or disease states that contribute to malnutrition
What is who would benefit from enteral nutrition
tunneled ventral venous catheter
peripherally inserted central catheter
trans-lubar/trans-hepatic venous access
subclavian vein
subcutaneous port
femoral venous access
What is common central venous access delivery routes
infant EN feeding, used when baby is too weak for sucking, cannot swallow, or lacks a gag reflex
what is gavage feeding
associated with fewer complications
less expensive
helps maintain GI unction and provides nutrition to small intestine
promotes normal GI environment
What is advantages of enteral feedings in comparison to parenteral
a potentially fatal complication that occurs when a client who is in a starvation state is started on EN. This occurs because of electrolyte shifts and altered glucose levels once feeding restart
what is refeeding syndrome
1. gravity-fed infusion
2. bolus or intermittent
3. continuous (24 hours)
4. cyclic
What are methods of administrating enteral nutrition
- Continous infusion using an enteral feeding pump is most commonly used in hospitals because of the reduced risk of aspiration compared with bolus feedings; must be used for duodenal or jejunal feedings
- Cyclic feedings are administered continously for 10-12 hours (overnight) to facilitate patient mobility during the daytime
- Intermittent bolus feeding of 100-300mL for 30-60 mins every 4-6 hours can only be used for feeding tubes ending in the stomach
what is Delivery of Nutrition
composed of partially digested protein peptides and free amino acids. These formulas are used for clients who have partially functioning gastrointestinal tract.
What is elemental also known as hydrolyzed formula
Sometimes a person cannot eat any or enough food because of an illness.. Nutrition can be provided either through a feeding tube (enteral nutrition) or, when the digestive tract cannot be used, through an intravenous tube called a catheter that is inserted directly into the veins (parenteral nutrition).
What is the difference between Enteral and Parenteral nutrition
occurs due to rapid emptying of the formula into the small intestine, resulting in a fluid shift
what is dumping syndrome
- Keep head of bed elevated 30-45 degrees to allow gravity to move food downward
- Gastric residual monitoring possibly effective (amount of residual food in stomach)
- Initiate at a slow rate and advance every 4-6 hours to goal rate
what is Ways to Prevent Aspiration Pneumonia