Head orientation where the mouthparts are directed out front, or anteriorly. Many beetles and ticks have this head orientation.
What is prognathus?
100
This family of flies is responsible for vectoring: bartonellosis, leishmaniasis and sand fly fever, among others.
What is Phlebotominae?
100
Programmed cell death. This allows for the degeneration of the prothoracic gland, which prevents adult insects from molting.
What is aptosis?
100
N-acetylglucosamine (a nitrogenous polysaccharide)is the primary component.
What is chitin?
200
An internal structure, tongue-like in function. It helps mix food and saliva.
What is the hypopharynx?
200
These flies can transmit viruses, nematodes and protozoans. Commonly known as 'no-see-ums' or 'punkies'. In livestock, bluetongue disease is a concern.
What is Ceratopogonidae (biting midges)?
200
This type of warning coloration communicates unpalpability.
What is aposematism?
200
This part of the cuticle contains chitin.
What is the procuticle?
300
A head orientation where mouthparts are directed posteriorly, or pointing backwards. The conenose bug, bed bugs and cicadas exhibit this.
What is opisognathus?
300
Onchocerciasis is the greatest public health problem associated with this family of flies.
What is Simulidae?
300
This protein comprises the bulk of all the cuticular proteins.
What is arthropodin?
300
These are areas of reduced cuticle: they serve as emergence points during ecdysis.
What are ecdysal lines?
400
A cavity used to create positive pressure within the mouthparts, which allows liquid to rise in the proboscis; a 'sucking organ'.
What is a cibarium?
400
This fly family is responsible for the devastating African Trypanosomiasis, or Sleeping Sickness.
What is Glossinidae?
400
This hormone stimulates juvenile hormone (JH) production by the corpus allatum.
What is allotropin?
400
This is secreted from neurosecretory cells, which in turn signals the release of ecdysone.
What is prothroracicotropic hormone?
500
A head orientation where the mouthparts are oriented vertically, or pointed down. Grasshoppers, mantids and cockroaches exhibit this mouthpart orientation
What is hypognathus?
500
This superfamily consist of obligate, blood feeding ectoparasites. Their common names include 'louse', 'ked', etc.
What is Hippoboscoidea?
Hippoboscidae (louse flies & keds)
500
This type of parthenogenesis results in strictly male offspring.
What is arrhenotoky?
500
This is secreted from the corpora allatta; it keeps metamorphosis from happening.