Ideas, Interests, or Institutions?
This theory explains why the Heartland Institute compared individuals who believe in global warming to domestic terrorist Ted Kaczynski.
Ideological Conflict
Faction of early American environmental movement that advocated for environmental protections based on nature's intrinsic/spiritual value.
Preservationists
Faction of early American environmental movement that advocated for environmental protections based on nature's potential economic value.
Conservationists
This theory explains why fmr. President George W. Bush withdrew the United States from the Kyoto Protocol.
Collective Action
Achieve environmental protections by mandating that firms reduce pollution.
Command-and-control regulations
This policy increases renewable energy use by offering economic incentives to electricity producers.
This theory explains why ExxonMobil's adoption of the "ExxonPosition."
Distributive Conflict
Achieve environmental protection by offering firms economic incentives to reduce pollution.
Market-based environmental policies
This policy increases renewable energy use by providing economic incentives to the users of electricity.
Net Metering Schemes
These theories explain why fmr. President Trump withdrew the United States from the Paris Agreement.
Collective action, distributive conflict
This policy established a market for sulfur dioxide emissions in the United States
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
This school of environmental thought believes social injustices -- namely, those committed on the basis of race -- cause environmental problems.
Black Agrarians
To explain why the United States specifically has struggled to pass federal climate policy, this theory articulates how D and R lawmakers are pressured block climate policy.
The Logic of Double Representation
This theory argues that patriarchal social structures cause both environmental problems and the oppression of women.
Ecofeminism
The belief that human and non-human beings depend on each other for life, because neither uniquely have agency or intelligence.
Interdependence