Biodiversity
What does endemism mean?
A species that is found in one geographical location and no where else
What is the purpose of OHS?
Investigator safety
What are the three pillars of sustainability?
Economic, socio-cultural, ecological
CO2
H20
Methane
Nitrous oxide
ozone
CFCs
Name 3 non-renewables and 5 renewables
non-renewable: oil, gas, coal, nuclear
renewable: biofuel, wind, solar, hydro, geothermal, etc
Define accuracy and precision
Accuracy ensures measurements are close to the true value
Precision act to aim for results that are close together
What are the three categories of biodiversity?
Ecosystem, Species, Genetic
Purpose of sampling?
To gather data for decision making
What is a stakeholder?
Any person/group that has a vested interest or is affected by an action or propsal
Define albedo
The ability of a surface to reflect incoming solar radiation
How are coal and oil formed?
Coal:
Dead organic material in swampy envirnments being buried by sediment (dirt and rocks) and undergoing transformation through extreme heat and pressure over 100s of millions of years
Oil:
Mairne organisms sinking to bottom and being buried by sediment (sand and silt) and transformed by extreme heat and pressure over 100s of millions of years
What are the six sustainability principles?
Bonus points for defining them (correctly0
Precautionary principle
Inter/intra equity
efficiency of resource use
user pays
cbei
Number of DIFFERENT species
What are 3 limitations that can occur during scientific investigations?
Sample size
Time
Bias
Unreliable equipment
Improper trainings
Funding
What are the four challenges to sustainability?
population, food, water, energy
(at least two paleoclimatic strategies)
Paleo: tree rings, fossils, paleobotany, etc
Modern: ice cores, ocean and atmospheric temps, satelites, etc
Explain the limitation of using solar and wind
wind: noise, aesthetics, harm animals, costly, requires windy conditions
solar: costly, only working during day
Why is genetic diversity important for a species’ survival?
Genetic diversity allows a species to adapt to changing environmental conditions, improving its chances of survival against diseases and environmental changes.
What is genetic swamping?
a process where a rare or minority species becomes genetically absorbed by a more common species through interbreeding, leading to the loss of the minority species' unique genetic identity
Name three sampling technique
answer may vary:
- quadrats
- mark-recapture
- spotlighting
- lighttrapping
- camera traps
Name the four types of stakeholder values
Ecocentric, biocentric, technocentric, anthropocentric
What does GWP mean and define it
GWP stands for Global Warming Potential. It is a metric that measures how much heat a specific greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere compared to carbon dioxide (CO₂) over a set time period
A solar panel receives 800 J of solar energy and converts 200 J into electrical energy.
What is its energy efficiency?
25%
What are the two measurements needed to calculate the SDI?
Species Abundance & Species Richness
Why does AUS have high levels of biodiversity? (3 reasons)
Isolation over long period of time
Diverse ecosystems
Diverse climates
List 5 ethical considerations before sampling
Breeding season
Females/babies
Trapping time
Nesting sites
Feeding areas
Sleeping areas/times
What is the difference between ecocentric and biocentric?
Bio favours all LIFE while eco focuses on nature and everything within the ecosystem (land, organisms, etc)
What is the difference between adaptation and mitigation?
Provide an example of each
Mitigation targets the root cause of climate change by reducing or preventing the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere (e.g., renewables or making energy systems more efficient)
Adaptation deals with the effects by adjusting our systems, behaviour, and infrastructure to cope with the current and future impacts of a warming planet (sea walls, new infrastructure, agriculture methods, etc)
Describe the three strategies to rehabilitate old mining sites and provide examples of each
mechanical - moving environment around physically (changing shape of mine)
biological - using biotic factors to stabilise environment (revegetation)
chemical - using chemicals to restabilise the surrounding environment (adding limestone to soil to balance pH levels)
What does confidence rating mean?
A standardised measure used to evaluate the validity, reliability, and certainty of scientific findings, models, or projections and agreeance according to other scientific evidence