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Pollution
Environmental Justice
Risk Assessment
Food Safety & Climate change
Miscellaneous
100
This term refers generically to a mixture of airborne particles that can vary in size; it is one of the constituents of air pollution.
What is Particulate matter
100
What is the tool used by the EPA and stakeholders to assess if a community is experiencing environmental injustice?
What is EJScreen
100
What are the 4 stages of Risk Assessment?
What is 1. Hazard ID 2. Dose Response 3. Exposure Assessment 4. Risk Characterization
100
What is the most effective way to prevent exposure to pathogens in foods?
What is Don’t consume raw meat, poultry and seafood
100
What is the clause most environmental laws fall under
What is Commerce clause
200
_____________is a source of greenhouse gases related to beef production.
What is ● Belching by the cows/Cattle exhalations (burps). ● Manure storage/management methods ● The release of nitrous oxide from production and use of fertilizers to produce corn ● Emissions from the use of agricultural machinery
200
Describe 3 environmental justice critiques of risk assessment
What is (1) INACTION--> health studies and risk assessments are used to justify government inaction in the face of real risks (2) POLITICS--> risk management decisionmaking is politically motivated, ignoring risks experienced in poor or minority communities (3) PERCEPTION--> scientific risk assessments fail to account for community perceptions of risk
200
Approximately what percent of their time do adults spend indoors? Circle the correct answer.
What is 70-90%
200
Climate change refers to any significant change in the measures of ______lasting for ________ period of time.
What is climate and an extended
200
A researcher at Columbia University recently published a paper on benefits of preventing low level lead exposures. He estimated the economic impacts of the health effects from lead poisoning among the children in Flint Michigan – costs amounting to about $400 million and 1,760 quality-adjusted life-years lost. He then compared that to the $5 million in savings to the City of Flint for switching the water source. Which sustainability principle most aligns with this researcher’s argument? DAILY DOUBLE : what are the other 3 principles and what is the difference among them?
What is True cost accounting
300
Exposure to heavy metals presents a serious hazard to children. Give an example of ONE heavy metal that children are commonly exposed to in our environment. List TWO long-term effects of this heavy metal on children’s health.
What is Lead or mercury - Brain/nervous system effects: lower IQ; decreased ability to pay attention; underperform in school - Renal effects - Chronic nephropathy with proximal tubular damage - Hypertension
300
What are the key components of the EPA's environmental justice definition?
What is the FAIR treatment and meaningful INVOLVEMENT of ALL people REGARDLESS of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to [all aspects of POLICY].... the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.
300
What is the goal of the dose-response assessment?
What is characterize the: 1. relationship between exposure/dose of an environmental agent & 2. the effect in the study population
300
What is the definition of a healthy diet?
What is one that you can all of the nutrients needed from diet, no additional supplements.
300
Why was it a potential conflict of interest for the local water utility to hire a water testing company owned by executives from Ciba-Geigy Toms River Chemical to conduct residential water testing?
What is if Ciba-Geigy is a polluter of the water, they may not be interested in giving true results if it would incriminate themselves. They would want to show no harm to the water.
400
What are the 6 criteria air pollutants? And, what does this mean?
What is: 1. Particle Pollution (particulate matter) 2. Ground-level ozone. 3. Carbon monoxide. 4. Sulfur oxides. 5. Nitrogen oxides. 6. Lead.
400
The built environments of neighborhoods have a direct impact on residents’ health. Describe two health advantages residents of wealthier neighborhoods have that are often lacking in poorer neighborhoods?
What is - Healthy food - Less pollution - Better jobs - Safer quality housing
400
What are 3 key differences between risk assessment and health impact assessment?
What is: 1. ENTITY--> Risk assessment typically used by regulatory agencies than HIA 2. FOCUS--> Risk assessment focusses mostly on chemicals where HIAs are broader and can look at proposed programs, policies, development plans. 3. GOAL--> Risk assessment try to answer what is the risk whereas HIAs ask what health impacts are broadly defines and how to max public health benefits of proposed action 4. STAKEHOLDERS--> Limited Involvement of stakeholders in risk assessment, HIA requires broad stakeholder engagement 5. DATA--> Use of both quantitative and qualitative data/methods
400
What is the difference between foodborne illness versus foodborne outbreak?
What is • foodborne illness --> ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS resulting from CONSUMPTION of any solid food or beverage *Frequently called food poisoning, which is generally a misnomer • foodborne outbreak--> 2 or more people experiencing a similar illness after ingestion of a COMMON food/beverage *Epidemiological analysis later implicates the food/beverage as the SOURCE of illness
400
What is the main law that requires federal agencies to assess the environmental effects of their proposed actions prior to making decisions and report results in environmental impact statements? BONUS: what are two assessments they can conduct under this?
What is National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
500
Describe how you would use epidemiological data in setting ambient air quality standards?
What is quantify magnitude of the risk by evaluating the changes in exposure and defining dose-response relationships.
500
Describe how you could apply epidemiological and exposure assessment methods to investigate an environmental justice problem in a community.
What is - Studies to compare exposure levels between low income or minority communities and white or overall US or state average exposure levels - Studies that show race and income are predictors of exposure and or proximity to hazards - Studies that show low income or minority communities experience higher burdens of environmentally related diseases compared to whites. - Show disparities in low income or minority communities in received health promoting or screening interventions like lead poisoning screening or proper haz waste site clean-ups - Disparities in enforcement in minority or low income communities
500
EPA regulates the amount of benzene, a known human carcinogen, in drinking water. The EPA maximum contaminant level standard for benzene in drinking water is 0.005 mg/L or 5 ppb. An exposure assessment in a small town was conducted and the lifetime average daily dose of benzene in water was estimated to be 0.0015 mg/kg-day. You know that the q* for benzene is 5.5 x 10-2 per (mg/kg)/day. Calculate the cancer risk estimate. Show your work.
What is 82.5 x 10-6 or 82.5 excess cancer cases per 1 million people.
500
Name 4 greenhouse gases and their sources
What is - Carbon dioxide --> burning fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil), solid waste, trees and wood products, & as a result of certain chemical reactions (e.g., manufacture of cement). - Methane-->emitted during the production & transport of coal, natural gas, and oil;also result from livestock & other agricultural practices + decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills. - Nitrous oxide --> emitted during agricultural & industrial activities and combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste. - Fluorinated gases --> synthetic, powerful greenhouse gases; emitted from a variety of industrial processes, although in emitted in smaller quantities.
500
What is the Delaney Clause?
What is Prohibits the use in food of any ingredients shown to cause cancer in animals or humans