Chapter 5
Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Diseases
Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Diseases
4) Methods for transmission of zoonotic pathogens include:
A) contact with the skin.
B) bite or scratch of an animal.
C) direct inhalation.
D) ingestion of contaminated foods.
E) All of these are correct.
E) All of these are correct.
*Food Safety*
Who is responsible for a local point source outbreak investigation?
Local Health Departments
True or False? Hazardous chemicals, omnipresent in the environment, are vital to society yet simultaneously raise the specter of potential harm to all living things on earth.
True
13) Which of the following forms of radiation can penetrate up to a 2-cm layer of skin tissue?
A) Alpha particles
B) Gamma rays
C) X-rays
D) Beta particles
E) None of these is correct.
D) Beta particles
21) In the United States, disinfection of drinking water with chlorine or other methods is done to remove:
A) particles suspended in water.
B) pathogenic microorganisms.
C) sand and gravel.
D) bad smells.
E) None of these is correct.
B) pathogenic microorganisms.
5) Examples of disease vectors are:
A) rats and mice.
B) mosquitoes.
C) ticks.
D) sand flies.
E) All of these are correct.
E) All of these are correct.
__________ is an ingredient in various medicines and cosmetics and, as a result of its widespread use, human exposure is almost universal.
Aluminum
*Food Safety*
Number one pathogen contributing to domestically acquired foodborne illness?
Norovirus
12) The amount of exposure to radiation that a person receives is not affected by which of the following?
A) Total time of exposure
B) Distance from the source
C) Degree of radioactivity of the material
D) Size or weight of the radioactive source
E) None of these is correct.
D) Size or weight of the radioactive source
What are the two sources of drinking water, and describe three ways they could be contaminated?
Surface Water and Ground Water
The transmission of __________ to humans is associated with infected black-legged ticks that ingest blood by puncturing the skin of the host.
Lyme disease
The process of __________ causes mercury levels to increase as the metal moves up the food chain and becomes more concentrated in aquatic invertebrates.
Bioaccumulation
What type of pesticides are persistent in the environment and bioaccumulate in the food chain?
A) Carbamates
B) Organochlorines
C) Methyl isocyanates
D) Organophosphates
B) Organochlorines
Chapter 9 ---
Glaciers and icecaps account for about __% of freshwater worldwide.
70%
Approximately __% of all water is freshwater, of which the majority is unavailable for human use (e.g., frozen in icecaps and glaciers).
2.5%
Which of the following statements about zoonotic diseases is most likely to be true?
A) Immunocompromised persons may be at reduced risk for morbidity from zoonotic diseases.
B) Children younger than 5 may be at reduced risk for morbidity from zoonotic diseases.
C) A zoonotic disease is always associated with transmission by a vector.
D) An animal infected with a zoonotic agent may be free from symptoms.
E) None of these is correct.
D) An animal infected with a zoonotic agent may be free from symptoms.
*Chapter 5- Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Diseases
6) Which of the following is true about rabies?
A) Postexposure prophylaxis has prevented human rabies successfully.
B) Human cases of rabies occur frequently in the United States.
C) Outside the United States, the most common vector is Gambian rats.
D) The disease has a low to medium fatality rate.
E) All of these are correct.
A) Postexposure prophylaxis has prevented human rabies successfully.
As with nerve gases, which type of pesticides act on the nervous system of insects and higher organisms by disrupting the transmission of nerve impulses?
A) Carbamates
B) Organophosphates
C) Organochlorines
D) Pyrethrins
E) None of these is correct.
B) Organophosphates
Chapter 9 --- In dry climates of western United States, the major use of water is often for which of the following?
A) Showers
B) Toilets
C) Baths
D) Faucets
E) Landscapes
E) Landscapes
Association of chlorine with trihalomethanes (THMs), which are among the most common and widely measured _______________.
Disinfection by-products (DBP’s)
Which of the following is an example of a zoonotic disease?
A) Whooping cough
B) Hand, foot, and mouth disease
C) Schistosomiasis
D) Measles
E) Anthrax
E) Anthrax
The _______________ involves the continuous circulation of water in the Earth-Atmosphere system. At its core, the water cycle is the motion of the water from the ground to the atmosphere and back again.
Hydrologic cycle
Discuss the history of DDT use as a pesticide in the United States and worldwide.
In the United States, widespread use of organochlorine pesticides such as DDT began during the early 1940s and reached a maximum during the 1960s. Due to concerns about the possible adverse effects of DDT upon the health of humans and wildlife, application of DDT was prohibited in 1972 in the United States. Although most developed nations, at present, ban the use of DDT, some countries still continue to use this pesticide. DDT is not regarded as a highly toxic pesticide, a consideration that in the mid-20th century supported its use. For many years, DDT was employed worldwide to control insects and harmful mosquitoes that carry malaria. It was credited at one time for freeing a substantial segment of the world’s population from the scourge or malaria and, consequently, with saving millions of persons from death due to malaria.
*Food Safety*
List the 5 risk factors for foodborne illness.
An aquifer is defined as:
A) the natural cycle by which water evaporates from water bodies.
B) an annual supply of renewable freshwater less than 1,000 cubic meters per person.
C) a layer or section of earth that contains freshwater.
D) an annual supply of renewable freshwater between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic meters per person.
E) the water that is delivered to the distribution system after treatment
C) a layer or section of earth that contains freshwater.