Misc. Information
Sun Protection Factor
The three predisposing factors for heat cramps/syncope.
Improper heat acclimatization, dehydration, poor nutrition
Three signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion.
Dizziness, lightheadedness, collapse, moderate increase in body temp, tachycardia, irritability, nausea/vomitting, chills/goosebumps
Shell: skin, highly influenced by environment
Core: trunk/thorax, visceral organs, etc. Influenced by metabolic heat production.
Describe or display the lightning safe position.
Fetal position with both feet on the ground
The percentage of humidity that will cause evaporation nto virtually stop.
75%
Three signs and symptoms of heat cramps.
muscle twitching and cramps, spasms in arms, legs, abdomen
How can you prevent heat exhaustion?
Acclimatization, proper hydration and nutrition
What type of thermometer should be used to take core temperature in someone suffering from heat stroke?
Rectal
How long after a lightning strike can you return to play?
30 min after the last strike
Psychrometer
Proper treatment for someone suffering from heat syncope.
Remove from hot environment, lay down in a cool, shaded/AC area, elevate legs, replace fluids
Proper treatment method for heat exhaustion.
Remove from activity and heat, place in cool, shaded/AC area, lay down with feet up, remove excess clothing/padding, replace fluids immediately, use cold towels, ice bags to help cool athlete.
What should be done to keep the athlete cool when in an ice immersion bath?
Circulate the water around them
Name the three types of lightning.
Intercloud, Intracloud, Cloud to ground
Name the 4 mechanisms of heat loss/gain.
Conduction, Convection, Radiation, Evaporation
When do heat cramps become a medical emergency?
When multiple large muscle groups are involved/whole body cramping
How long after beginning treatment for heat exhaustion should you call 9-1-1 if the athlete is not improving?
15 minutes
What is the critical threshold and what happens?
When the body reaches 105 degrees, brain tells the body to decrease function in an effort to decrease metabolic heat production.
How many people die from lightning strikes each year?
24,000
The top 5 causes of death in athletes
Cardiac, Exertional Heat Stroke, Brain, Cervical Spine, Exertional Sickling
Name three of the common methods used to replace electrolytes that actually do not work
Pickle juice, bananas, mustard
Other than core temp, what is one major difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke?
the amount of CNS dysfunction
What is the difference between exertional heat stroke and classic heat stroke?
Classic heat stroke occurs during passive situations (ex: locked in a hot car). Exertional heat stroke occurs during active situations.
What happens during an exertional sickling episode?
round cells turn sickled which can lead to log jams in the arteries which can lead to death