Show:
Ecology
The Ecosystem
Energy Flow in Ecosystem
Nutrient Cycles
Vocabulary
100
1. What is the study of how organisms interact with one another and with their nonliving environment 2. What does ecology focus on?
1. What is Ecology 2. It focuses on trying to understand the interactions among organisms
100
1. Define autotroph. 2. List and define two ways that autotrophs make food.
1. Organisms that make their own food. 2. photosynthesis use sunlight to make organic molecules. Chemosynthesis use inorganic nutrients in the environment to make organic molecules.
100
1. What is the pyramid of energy flow? 2. What is the average amount of transferred energy Loss?
1. “The pyramid of Energy Flow” illustrates energy transfer. 2. 90% loss (10% transferred)
100
1. Define nutrient cycle. 2. What is another name for nutrient cycle? 3. List five nutrient cycles.
1. Global cycles that recycle nutrients through the earth’s air, land, water, and living organisms. 2. Biogeochemical cycle 3. carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, water, sulfur
100
1. Distinguish between habitat and niche.
1. Habitat is the place where a population or individual organisms normally lives. 2. the niche is the role that the organism plays in the ecosystem.
200
1. Define Organisms. 2. What are groups of organisms that resemble one another in terms of their appearance, behavior, chemistry, and genetic makeup and can breed with one another.
1. living things. 2. Species
200
1. Define heterotroph. 2. List and define four types of heterotrophs.
1. heterotrophs consume other organisms 2. decomposer= eat dead decaying organisms omnivores= eat plants and animals carnivores= eat other animals herbivores= eat plants
200
1. Define trophic level. 2. List the four trophic levels.
1. One of the steps in a food chain or food web; different feeding levels in an ecosystem 2. trophic level 1 is producers; trophic level 2 is primary consumers; trophic level 3 is secondary consumers; trophic level 4 is tertiary consumers
200
1. What is another name for the water cycle? 2. Water cycle moves water between? 3. List the five parts of the water cycle.
1. hydrological cycle 2. moves water between atmosphere, land, and ocean 3. evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, infiltration
200
1. distinguish between infiltration and leeching.
1. infiltration is the downward movement of water through soil. 2. leaching is water dissolving minerals and organic matter as it moves through soil
300
1. Distinguish between a population and a community.
1. A population is a group of interacting individuals of the same species occupying a specific area. 2. Community consists of all of the populations of different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms living and interacting in area
300
1. Define symbiosis. 2. List five examples of symbiotic relationships.
1. long term biological relationships between different species. 2. predation, parasitism, competition, mutualism, commensalism
300
1. Define biome. 2. what factors determine the plants and animals that live in a biome 3. define aquatic life zones.
1. different types of land ecosystems with specific types of plants and animals 2. temperature and precipitation 3. different types of water ecosystems
300
1. Why is phosphorus important to the cells of living things? 2. How is phosphorus found in nature?
1. it is an important part of ATP and DNA 2. found in rocks and soil
300
1. Define abiotic factors and give two examples. 2. Define biotic factors and give two examples
1. abiotic are nonliving like water, air, soil 2. Biotic are living like plants, animals, bacteria, fungus, protist
400
1. Define biosphere. 2. List and define the three main parts of the biosphere.
1. Biosphere is the zone of the earth where life is found. 2. Atmosphere = thin membrane of air around planet Hydrosphere = earth’s water Lithosphere= earth's upper crust and mantle
400
1. Define biodiversity. 2. List the four types of biodiversity.
1. Biodiversity is the variety of different species. 2. genetic diversity, ecological diversity, species diversity, functional diversity.
400
1. What is the source of all energy on earth? 2. What is the source of all food in an ecosystem? 3. What would happen if all producers disappeared from an ecosystem?
1. the sun 2. producers 3. it would collapse ; other organism that feed on producer would die and it would move up the food web.
400
1. What percent of the atmosphere is nitrogen? 2. How do living things get nitrogen? 3. What organism helps in the process of making nitrogen available to living things?
1. 78% 2. nitrogen fixation 3. Bacteria
400
1. Define biomass. 2. Which trophic level has the highest biomass?
1. Biomass is the amount of living matter in a given habitat, expressed either as the weight of organisms per unit area or as the volume of organisms . 2. trophic level one (producers) .
500
1. What are the three things that sustains life on Earth?
• The one-way flow of high quality energy from the sun through living things • The cycling of matter through the biosphere. • Gravity
500
1. define limiting factor. 2. distinguish between density dependent and density independent limiting factors.
1. Limiting factors = are factors that limits the growth, abundance, distribution of the population of a species in an ecosystem 2. DD= the affect of the limiting factor increase as the size of the population increases. DI= affects all organisms regardless of the size of the population.
500
1. What is the purpose of a food chain and food web? 2. Distinguish between a food web and food chain.
1. They determines how energy and nutrients move from one organism to another through the ecosystem. 2. Food chain =is a single sequence of organism, each of which serves as a food sources for the next. Food Web = show all the possible interconnecting feeding relationships in an ecosystem What is
500
1. Define nitrogen fixation. 2. List the four steps of nitrogen fixation.
1. What is the process of combining nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia. 2. assimilation, ammonification, nitrification and denitrification
500
1. Distinguish between range of tolerance and limiting factors
1. Range of tolerance = is the range of chemical and physical conditions that must be maintained for populations of a particular species to stay alive and grow, develop, and function normally. 2.