Important Terms 1
Each time one organism eats another organism, a transfer of energy occurs.
Energy Transfer pg 121
Is known as each step in the transfer of energy through a food chain or food web in an ecosystem.
Trophic Level pg 122
Which of the following statements is not true of consumers? a. They get energy indirectly from the sun. b. They sometimes eat other consumers.
b. They sometimes eat other consumers. Pg 119
Excessive use of fertilizer that contains nitrogen and phosphorus a. affects the carbon cycle. b. may cause algal blooms in waterways.
b. may cause algal blooms in waterways. Pg 128
2x 100pts Why are decomposers an essential part of an ecosystem?
Breaks down dead organisms in an ecosystem and returns nutrients to soil, water, and air. Pg 119
A process in which nitrogen is cycled between the atmosphere, bacteria, and other organisms.
Nitrogen Cycle pg- 126
Is a type of succession that occurs on a surface where no ecosystem existed before. Primary succession can occur on rocks, cliffs, and sand dunes.
Primary succession pg 129
Which of the following is correctly arranged from the lowest trophic level to the highest trophic level? a. grass, mouse, snake, eagle b. bacteria, frog, eagle, mushroom
a. grass, mouse, snake, eagle pg 119
In an aquatic food web, what organism is a producer?
Algae pg 122
2x 200pts Carbon is an essential component of organisms, what makes up the carbon components?
2x 200pts Carbon is an essential component of organisms, what makes up the carbon components?
Is a sequence in which energy is transferred from one organism to the next as each organism eats another organism
Food Chain pg 122
Is a process by which carbon is cycled between the atmosphere, land, water, and organisms.
Carbon Cycle pg 124
Which of the following pairs of organisms probably belong to the same trophic level? a. humans and bears b. bears and deer c. humans and cows
a. humans and bears pg 119
How are producers and decomposers opposites of each other?
Producers create their own food through photosynthesis. Decomposers break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the ecosystem. Pg 119
2x 300pts How do lichens contribute to primary succession?
Lichens break down rock into soil giving seedlings a place to begin to grow. pg 133
Is a gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in a community. In nature, the process of ecological succession may take hundreds or thousands of years.
Ecological succession pg 129
The first organisms to colonize any newly available area and begin the process of ecological succession. Over time, pioneer species will make the new area habitable for other species.
Pioneer species pg 130
Which of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is true? a. Nitrogen moves back and forth between the atmosphere and living things. b. Decomposers break down waste to yield ammonia
a. Nitrogen moves back and forth between the atmosphere and living things. Pg 126
What role do algae play in this food web?
Alae is a producer on the food web. Algae are eaten by krill, which are eaten by cod. The cod are eaten by leopard seals, which are eaten by killer whales. Pg 122
2x 400 pts Describe how primary and secondary succession occur.
Secondary succession occurs on a surface where an ecosystem has previously existed. Primary succession occurs on a surface where no ecosystem existed before. pg 134
Organisms that can fix atmospheric nitrogen into chemical compounds are a few species of bacteria.
Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria pg 126
Is a final and stable community. Even though a climax community continues to change in small ways, this type of community may remain the same through time if it is not disturbed.
Climax community pg 130
Which of the following are most likely to be the pioneer organisms on an area of bare rock? a. shrubs b. lichens c. perennial grasses
c. lichens Pg 130
A typical energy pyramid Shows what?
The energy pyramid shows how energy is lost from one trophic level to the next. Pg 123
2x 500 pts The majority of the Earth’s organisms depend on the sun for energy. Explain how.
Producers harness the sun’s energy directly through photosynthesis, while consumers use the sun’s energy indirectly by eating producers or other consumers. pg134