ATMOSPHERE
This gas makes up the largest percentage of the atmosphere
What is nitrogen?
This is an example of a persistent organic pollutant
What is dioxin?
Two toxins together cause an effect equal to the sum of their individual effects
What is the additive effect?
The relationship between the dose of a substance and its toxicity is represented by this
What is the dose-response curve?
This is the most littered item on Earth according to global statistics
What are cigarette butts?
This layer of the atmosphere is closest to the Earth's surface
What is the troposphere?
This is a primary concern about the environmental persistence of dioxins and PCBs
What is they persist in the environment for a long time and accumulate in organisms
These chemical interactions occurs when two toxins work together to produce a more significant effect than the sum of their individual effects
What isthe synergistic effect?
In a dose-response curve, the point at which a response first appears is called this
What is the threshhold dose?
This makes nicotine so addictive
What is that nicotine activates the brain’s reward system by triggering dopamine?
The main component of the atmosphere that supports life
What is oxygen?
This is an example of a heavy metal toxin
What is lead?
In this type of chemical interaction, one toxin enhances the effect of another toxin without having an effect on its own
What is potentiation?
When a dose-response curve shifts to the left
What is the substance requires a higher dose to cause the same effect?
This happens to the land after many years of growing tobacco
What is nutrient depletion?
This is a seasonal thinning of the ozone layer, primarily over Antarctica.
What is the ozone hole?
An effective way to reduce pollution from cars
What is carpooling and reduced fuel usage?
This type of chemical interaction occurs when one toxin reduces or cancels out the effect of another toxin
What is an antagonisitc reaction?
The lethal dose of a substance that kills 50% of a population after a specific period of exposure is called this
What is the LD50?
This chemical in cigarettes is primairly responsible for addiction
What is nicotine?
This human activity is responsible for an increase in greenhouse gases
What is industrial and burning of fossil fuels?
Exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) can lead to this health problem
What are respiatory issues?
Two chemicals combine to produce a harmful effect greater than expected based on their individual effects represents this type of reaction
What is a syngeristic interaction?
The steepness of a dose-response curve indicates this
What is the potency of the toxin and how small a change in dose can result in a large change in response?
This is a known carcinogen found in cigarette smoke
What is formaldehyde?