Food Web
How does a primary consumer get its energy?
It eats producers
What is a convergent boundary? What can it create?
What is the difference between a biotic factor and an abiotic factor?
Biotic- Living
Abiotic- Non-living
Fossils, homologous structures, embryos, DNA
Name a fishing practice and one way that it can be more sustainable.
Trawling- sweeping a giant net across the ocean. To make it more sustainable, trawl lower down in the ocean to avoid catching other types of fish
As we move up the trophic pyramid, what happens to the amount of energy available?
It decreases by 90% each time it moves up a level
What is a divergent boundary? What can it create?
When two plate boundaries are moving away from each other. It can create underwater volcanoes.
Define mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
Mutualism- both organisms benefit
Commensalism- one organism benefits and the other is not affected
Parasitism- one organism benefits and the other is negatively affected
What is the difference between gene flow and genetic drift?
Gene flow- migration of individuals from one population to another
Genetic drift- change in allele frequency because of random chance
Why are decomposers important to their ecosystems?
They decompose dead organisms and put nutrients into the soil
When two plates slide past each other. It can create earthquakes.
What is the difference between exponential growth and logistic growth?
Exponential- growth rate continuously increases
Logistic- growth rate levels off at a specific point
What are some of the causes of major extinction events?
Increase in carbon dioxide, changing climate, mass eutrophication, soil erosion, meteor
What is erosion? How does it change when there are plants in the soil versus when there aren't?
Surface processes removing soil, dirt, or rocks from one location in the Earth's crust. When plants are in the soil, their roots help to hold the soil together, making it less likely to erode.
What is nutrient cycling?
The transfer of nutrients between living and non-living parts of the environment
List the order of the layers of Earth's atmosphere.
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere.
What is a limiting factor? Give 2 examples.
A factor that impacts the growth rate of a population- food, predation, disease...
Humans breeding corn to look a certain way is a form of...
Artificial selection
What are 2 ecological problems that could arise with mining?
Taking natural resources from the Earth, digging where there are endangered species, habitat destruction.
Explain what occurs during eutrophication.
Fertilizers are washed into bodies of water, causing a large growth of algae. This causes a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the body of water, which kills of the organisms in the water.
What occurs during an El Nino event?
Warm water builds up near the equator. This warms up the air, and allows moist air to rise, causing intense rain storms.
A population has 100,000 people in it. In a year, there are 1000 births and 500 deaths. What is the growth rate of this population?
0.5%
What is speciation? What are two ways that it can happen?
When one population splits to become two different species. Allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation
What are 2 costs and 2 benefits of GMOs.
Could be many answers.