Structure and Function
What is the name for the model that describes the specificity of the active site for its particular substrate
Lock and Key
This term refers to the break down of protein molecules when exposed to extreme conditions
denaturation
To what part of an enzyme does a competitive inhibitor bind?
active site
Over time, the amount of unavailable energy in a system will increase. This unavailable energy is referred to as?
disorder/entropy (entropy - preferred answer)
These two requirements must be met in order for a substrate to appropriately bind with the active site
1. Must have corresponding shapes
2. Must have chemical compatibility
What is the effect of low temperature on the reaction rate of an enzyme
decrease the reaction rate
How will the reaction rate be impacted by the addition of a low amount of competitive inhibitor to a reaction with a high presence of substrate
unaffected or slightly decreased (minimally)
What type of energy does Gibbs Free energy refer to?
the amount of available energy to do work (usable energy) (after entropy is accounted for)
Enzymes are catalysts because they decrease the __________________ required for a reaction
activation energy
An enzyme is present in a solution with a pH of 4. What would you expect the reaction rate to do at pH 1 and pH 13?
pH 1 - decreased or stopped (denaturation)
pH 13 - stopped (denaturation)
To what enzymatic site does a noncompetitive inhibitor bind?
allosteric site
Energy is frequently lost as ________ during biochemical reactions
heat
Explain the difference between endergonic and exergonic reactions
endergonic - energy is absorbed by the reaction
exergonic - energy is released by the reaction
As product concentration increases, what will happen to the reaction rate?
decrease
How will the reaction rate be impacted by the presence of a noncompetitive inhibitor and a high solute concentration?
decrease
All living systems require energy. This energy originally comes from what type of organisms?
autotrophs / producers
A mutation occurs that impacts the primary structure of a particular enzyme. Now the active site contains a higher percentage of amino acids with polar R groups. How will this affect the enzymes function?
The enzyme will no longer be able to bind with its appropriate substrate.
Identify one way you could increase the reaction rate of a particular enzymatic reaction
- increase substrate concentration
- remove product from an area (with a steady supply of substrate)
- increase enzyme concentration
- small increase in temperature
You're observing a chemical reaction in a solution that is taking place at a very slow rate. The enzyme and substrate are both present in the solution. You add a new substance (Substance A) into the solution, and witness a large increase in reaction rate. What is Substance A, most likely?
Allosteric activator
Reactions are often ________ in order to preserve energy. In these types of reactions, energy released is used to drive reactions that store energy.
coupled