Properties and Procedures
When measuring enzyme activity, if the instrument is operating 5C lower than the temperature prescribed for the method, how will the results be affected?
Lower than actual
Following a myocardial infarction which enzymes will be the first to become elevated?
Creatine Kinase
Which 2 enzyme analytes should be increased in the presence of pancreatitis?
Amylase and Lipase
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found in many body tissues including kidney, prostate, brain, pancrease, and liver, however, its clinical applications is confined to the evaluation of what system?
Liver
Which liver enzyme is instrumental in allowing glucose to enter the blood stream?
Glucose-6-phosphatase
An international unit (IU) of enzyme activity is the quantity of enzyme that:
Converts 1 μmol of substrate to product
per minute
An electrophoretic separation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme that demonstrates elevation in LD-1 greater than LD-2 could be indicative of:
Myocardial infarction and/or Hemolysis
What helps to accelerate the rate of lipase activity in the body?
Presence of bile salt
What is the enzyme of choice in detecting alcoholism?
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)
AST is found predominantly in the cytoplasm of the cells of the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and kidney. A mitochondrial form (mAST) is found chiefly in…
Liver
According to the Michaelis-Menton kinetics theory, when a reaction is preformed in zero-order kinetics:
The _________ concentration is ________ and the reaction rate is dependent on the _________ concentration
The substrate concentration is in excess and the reaction rate is dependent on the enzyme concentration
What is the function of Lactate Dehydrogenase in the body?
Catalyzes the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate.
What role does lipase play in the body?
Hydrolyzes fat esters to produce alcohol and fatty acids
Marked elevations of GGT, an average of 12-fold, are seen in what two diseases.
Obstructive liver disease and hepatocellular disease.
The De Ritis ratio is the calculation of AST/ALT and is used for evaluating liver disease. What should the ratio be when ethanol-related liver disease is expected?
>2.0
The portion of an enzyme which when separated from its cofactor is called a(n):
Apoenzyme
Which Creatine Kinase travels the farthest on electrophoresis?
CK-1 (BB)
What cells produce Lipase?
Acinar cells of the pancreas.
What is the primary clinical role of GGT?
Detection and differential diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease.
Which type of hepatocellular disorders would you expect the greatest elevation of ALT?
Toxic hepatitis
The recommended storage temperature for the preservation of activity for MOST enzymes is?
4°C
Which of the cardiac biomarkers could detect a recent reinfarction?
Creatine kinase MB (CK-MB)
What are the two distinct isoenzymes of amylase?
Pancreatic amylase (P-AMY) and Salivary amylase (S-AMY).
What function in the body does GGT have?
Transfer gamma-glutamyl peptides amino acids, water, and other peptides
A 14-year-old child is found to have a mildly elevated alkaline phosphatase. Significance?
This is normal for growing children.