Chem reactions
Chemical reactions always involve
breaking or forming bonds between atoms.
energy-absorbing reactions usually require what to get them started
activation energy
when molecules are joined together to form a larger product
Synthesis
The number of .......... determines all of the properties of that atom
protons, neutrons, and electrons
Macromolecules (macro=large) are
Very large molecules composed of Carbon and other atoms.
The molecules that enter a reaction
reactants
Enzymes are proteins that act as
catalysts
when molecules are broken apart to form smaller products
Decomposition
An element is a collection of
atoms that all have the same number of protons.
Macromolecules are polymers made of smaller units called
monomers
molecules that are produced
products
A Catalyst
peeding up the rate of a chemical reaction by reducing the amount of energy needed to start it.
breaks down lactose (milk sugars) during digestion
Lactase
The atomic mass is the
number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom of that element.
There are 4 major types of macromolecules essential for life:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
4Fe + 3O2 🡪 2Fe2O3
The left side of the equation are the
Reactants
Each enzyme has a specific shape in order to accept a molecule called
substrate
unwinds DNA strands for copying during cell division
Helicase
What is an isotope
Atoms of the same element will always have the same atomic number, but may not have the same atomic mass because they can differ in the number of neutrons they contain.
Function of carbohydrates
Provide structural support & quick energy
Chemical reactions can be grouped into two types:
Energy-releasing reactions
Energy-absorbing reactions
substrate attaches to the enzyme’s
active site
A compound is formed when
wo or more elements are combined
Some isotopes are unstable and break apart over time. These are known as
“radioactive” isotopes.
Nucleic acids structure
Made of nucleotide monomers
Each nucleotide contains a sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base.