Enzymes
ATP
Energy Flow
Diagrams
Vocabulary
100
What are enzymes responsible for?
Speeding up the rate of reactions to a level that allows us to survive.
100
What is ATP?
The energy carrying/storage molecule for your body.
100
What is different about a food web and a food chain?
A food web shows multiple food chains at once and has all of the feeding relationships within the ecosystem.
A food chain only shows one relationship between the autotrophs and heterotrophs.
100
Draw a trophic pyramid with 4 levels, labeling each level with the correct type of organism.
See page 19 example.
100
What is an active site?
The spot where the substrate (reactant) binds to the enzyme
200
Describe what a lock and key model is?
When a reactant/substrate binds to an enzyme, that has a very specific shape, and a reaction to takes place, forming a product.
200
To get from ATP to ADP, what happens?
A phosphate is broken off and energy is released.
200
What do the following types of organisms eat?
Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, decomposers
Plants, meat, plants and meat, dead and decaying matter
200
Draw a trophic pyramid, with 4 levels. Show the passing of energy if the producers start with 143 Joules of energy.
143 J --> 14.3 J --> 1.43 J --> .143 J
200
What is denaturation?
When an enzyme has a drastic change in temperature, pH, etc, that causes the shape to change. This results in a loss of biological activity as the reaction can not proceed.
300
Enzymes can never renature.
True or false.
False
300
ADP + P + energy --> ATP.
Is this an example of an endothermic or exothermic reaction?
Endothermic. Energy is entering the system.
300
What is the rule of 10?
An organism uses 90% of the energy it receives for growth and cellular processes. Only 10% is passed on to the next level within the food chain.
300
Draw an endothermic reaction graph.
Label the reactants, products, and activation energy.
300
What is the energy currency for a cell?
ATP
400
What are the 5 ways to change the rate of a chemical reaction? Include the specific response to that factor.
Temperature: increasing temp, causes an increased reaction
pH: the more acidic something is, the faster that rxn will occur
Substrate []: more substrate, faster rxn
Catalyst: speeds up a rxn
Competitive inhibitor: slows down a rxn
400
Describe what makes up the structure of ATP.
1 adenine (nitrogen base)
1 ribose (sugar)
3 phosphates
400
A food pyramid has 4 levels. What are these levels called, in order?
Producers-Primary consumers-Secondary consumers- Tertiary consumers
400
Draw a lock and key model where one reactant becomes two products.
See page 5; the second diagram
400
How would you define the following consumers?
Carnivore
Herbivore
Omnivore
Carnivore: meat eating
Herbivore: plant eating
Omnivore: plant and meat eating
500
Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration. Which reaction is an example of endothermic and which one is an example of exothermic?
Photosynthesis: endothermic (energy enters --> sun)
C.R.: exothermic (energy released --> ATP)
500
What is the order that your body breaks down macromolecules?
Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
500
A hawk, a secondary consumer, exists in an ecosystem. It eats a mouse, which eats the grass. If the grass contains 435 J of energy, how much energy does the hawk take in?
*Assume the rule of 10 holds true here!
The hawk would have 4.35 J of energy
500
Draw an exothermic reaction with an enzyme added.
Label the reactants, products, activation energy, and enzyme.
See your diagram on page 11, #6, B.
500
Autotroph vs heterotroph. What's the diff?
Autotroph: producers; make their own ATP
Heterotroph: consumers; must consume other organisms in order to get energy