Metabolic Pathways
Matabolism is the totality of an organism's ________ reactions.
chemical
The capacity to cause change, or to do work
energy
ATP stands for
Adenosine tri-phosphate
Proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions are called _______ .
Enzymes
The process by which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme that acts early in the pathway is called ______ inhibition. (competing for the active site)
competitive
These pathways/reactions release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds
catabolic
The law stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed is the ______ law of thermodynamics
1st
The process/chemical reaction by which ATP is broken down to ADP and phosphate, releasing energy is______ .
hydrolysis.
The specific reactant that an enzyme acts on is called the _______ .
substrate
Molecules that icnrease enzyme activity by binding to the enzymes at a site other than the active site are called ______ activators.
Allosteric.
pathways that consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones are known as ________ pathways/reactions
anabolic
The law stating that every energy transfer increases the entropy of the universe is the ______ law of thermodynamics
2nd
The use of exergonic process to drive an endergonic one is known as _______ .
reaction or energy coupling.
The region of the enzyme where thee substrate binds is the ______ .
Active site.
Molecules that decrease enzyme activity by binding to the enzymes at a site other than the active site are called _______ inhibitors.
Allosteric
The molecule that cells use to store and transfer energy is _______ .
ATP
The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system is ________ .
Free energy
The term for the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, often making it more reactive/active, is ______ .
Phosphorylation
The model that describes how an enzyme changes shape slightly to better fit the substrate is called ______ .
induced fit.
The type of enzyme regulation where the binding of one substrate molecule increases the enzyme's affinity for subsequent substrate molecules is called
___________ .
cooperativity
A metabolic pathway that releases energy by converting glucose to glucose is _________
Cellular Respiration
A process that can occur without an input of energy is a _______ process .
spontaneous, favorable, exergonic
ATP is regenerated by the addition of a phosphate group to ______ .
ADP
Non-protein molecules that assist enzymes in their catalytic activity are called ______ .
cofactors
The spatial organization of enzyme and metabolic pathways within the cell is called enzyme _______ .
Enzyme compartmentalization