Macromolecules
single unit that makes up a polymer
What is a monomer?
Type of cell division used for growth and repair.
What is mitosis?
The molecule that stores genetic information.
What is DNA?
The physical appearance of a trait
What is phenotype?
Organisms that make their own food using sunlight.
What are producers?
The element that can form four strong covalent bonds, allowing diversity of life.
What is carbon?
The phase where DNA is replicated but is NOT part of mitosis.
What is Interphase?
Base that pairs with adenine in DNA.
What is thymine?
An organism with two identical alleles for a trait.
What is homozygous?
Only about ___% of energy is transferred to the next trophic level.
What is 10%?
The monomer of carbohydrates with the formula C₆H₁₂O₆.
What is glucose?
cell division that produces four haploid cells
what is mitosis?
The process of making mRNA from DNA.
What is transcription?
A mutation that does NOT change the amino acid sequence.
What is a silent mutation?
Type of selection that favors average traits.
What is stabilizing selection?
A carbohydrate made of two sugar units bonded together.
What is a disaccharide?
Process during meiosis that increases genetic variation by exchanging DNA.
What is crossing over?
Organelle where proteins are assembled.
What is the ribosome?
A mutation that causes the production of a stop codon.
What is a nonsense mutation?
Evidence of evolution based on similar bone structures.
What is comparative anatomy?
Why carbon is found in nearly all organic molecules in living things.
Because it can form four stable covalent bonds and bond with itself and other atoms.
One major difference between mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis produces 2 identical diploid cells; meiosis produces 4 non‑identical haploid cells.
Why the genetic code is considered universal
Because nearly all organisms use the same codons to code for amino acids
Why mutations in gametes are more serious than mutations in body cells.
They can be passed to offspring and affect every cell.
Why invasive species reduce biodiversity.
Because they lack natural predators and outcompete native species.