Enzymes
What are enzymes?
A type of protein/catalyst
What is homeostasis?
The body’s processes for maintaining equilibrium/ Balance between inside of body and conditions outside
What is a concentration gradient?
The difference in the amount of molecules on each side of the cell membrane
What is evolution?
The scientific theory that explains how different species of organisms came from common ancestors
What are the conditions that drive evolution through natural selection?
Overproduction, competition, variation, survival
Are enzymes specific?
Yes, like a lock and key
What does selectively permeable mean?
Some molecules can pass through the cell membrane but some cannot
What happens once equilibrium is reached?
There is equal movement in both directions
What causes genetic variation?
Mutations that produce new alleles for certain genes
What is speciation?
The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution
How do enzymes speed up reaction?
By lowering activation energy
What macromolecules act as pumps or channels (for larger molecules?
Protiens
How are particles moving during passive transport?
High concentration to low concentration/ with the concentration gradient
What is the most common form of reproductive isolation?
Geographic isolation
What are the remains or traces of organisms that once lived?
Fossils
What is the process of breaking down one reactant into two products called?
Decomposition
What macromolecules act as a barrier between the inside and the outside of the cell?
Lipids
What is diffusion?
The random movement of any molecule across the cell membrane (passive)
What is gene flow?
The transfer of genetic variation between populations of a species
What are homologous structures?
Organisms with similar structures may have evolved from a common ancestor
What is the term for when an enzyme’s active site becomes misshapen and the reaction cannot occur.
Denature
What macromolecules act as receptors to decide which materials can pass through the membrane.
Carbohydrates
Active transport
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce
What are structures that have no function in present day organism, but were useful in ancestors?
Vestigial Structures