Inference & Evidence
What is a text-based inference?
A logical conclusion based on evidence in the text
What’s a common text structure used in nonfiction?
Cause & effect, compare/contrast, problem/solution
What is a theme?
A universal message or lesson in a story
What is a claim?
The author’s main argument or position
What does “breaking the ice” mean?
To start a conversation or reduce tension
What counts as strong textual evidence?
A direct quote or detail that clearly supports your point
How does paragraph order affect meaning in a story?
It shapes pacing, reveals plot, or creates suspense
How can conflict reveal theme?
The way characters respond to conflict shows the message
What’s a counterclaim?
An opposing point of view
“Her words were daggers.” What type of figurative language is this?
Metaphor
What does it mean to "read between the lines"?
Make an inference using clues that aren’t directly stated
What does a flashback do for a narrative?
Reveals background or character motivation
What is the difference between tone and mood?
Tone = author’s attitude; Mood = reader’s feeling
What is biased reasoning?
Reasoning that unfairly favors one side or ignores facts
What is the connotation of “childish”?
Negative—immature or silly
Why is context important when making an inference?
It helps you understand what’s implied, not just what’s said
Why would an author repeat an idea in multiple paragraphs?
To emphasize its importance
What is a foil character?
A character who contrasts the main character to highlight traits
“If we don’t ban phones, schools will fail.” What kind of appeal is this?
Fear-based/emotional appeal (pathos)
How do context clues help define unknown words?
Surrounding words provide hints to meaning
A character says, “Sure, I love taking three-hour exams!” What can you infer?
They’re being sarcastic; they likely dislike exams
What effect does starting an article with a question have?
Grabs the reader’s attention and previews the topic
How does cultural context shape a character’s actions?
It influences values, decisions, and behavior patterns
What makes evidence weak?
It’s irrelevant, based on opinion, or not from a credible source
Identify the device: “The clock stared at me all night.”
Personification