Philosophers
Believed governments should protect your natural rights.
Influence: “…life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” ~Declaration of Independence
Who is John Locke
A system of government in which rule is by the people
(either directly or indirectly)
What is Democracy
a person who makes decisions for others,
like a constituency or community
What is a Representative?
(representative democracy)
This case established that the doctrine of “separate but equal” is unconstitutional, overturning a precedent set in a precedent previous case.
What is Brown v Board of Education
A government whose powers are “restricted” by a constitution.
What is Limited Government
Famous for his theory on separation of powers
Influence: development of our executive, legislative and judicial branches.
Who is Montesquieu
A political system in which the people exercise their political power through elected representatives.
What is Republic?
A political system in which a national government shares powers with state/local governments
What is Federalism
In this case the Supreme Court ruled that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination.
What is Miranda v Arizona
The division of authority among different branches of government
What is Separation of Powers
“The law is the expression of the general will. All citizens have the right to contribute personally, or through their representatives, to its formation.”
Influence: we vote
Rousseau
A form of government ruled by one person who inherits their power through their bloodline.
the idea that the actions of the executive and legislative branches are subject to evaluation and possible invalidation by the judicial branch.
What is Judicial Review
In this case the Supreme Court ruled that the 1st Amendment rights of student journalists are not violated when school officials prevent the publication of certain articles in the school newspaper.
What is Hazlewood v Kuhlmeier
Privileges that are protected from violation by the government and that ensure a person’s ability to exist without discrimination or repression.
What is Civil Rights
Championed the absolutism of the sovereign. But said that all legitimate political power must be "representative" and based on the consent of the people
Influence: questioning of British rule over American colonies.
Who is Hobbes
a form of government in which the political power of the leader is absolute and control is over all aspects of life
What is Totalitarian?
political theory that government is created by and subject to the will of the people
(the people have the power)
What is Popular Sovereignty
In this case the Supreme Court ruled that neither students nor teachers “shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate.”
(established the concept
of “symbolic speech”)
What is Tinker v DesMoines
Decision making where decisions are made by vote and a decision requires the support of more than half of those voting.
What is Majority Rule?
Idea that individuals have consented to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of the government in exchange for protection of their remaining rights.
What is the Social Contract Theory?
a form of government in which all power is vested in a few persons or in a dominant class or clique; government by the few.
What is an Oligarchy?
constitutional guarantee that a person accused of a crime be given certain rights under the law before being convicted.
What is Due Process
This case established for the first time that federal courts had the power to overturn an act of Congress on the ground that it violated the U.S. Constitution.
(Established Judicial Review)
What is Marbury v Madison
a type of economic system in which transactions between private groups of people are free from any governmental interference.
(Hands off)
What is Laissez-Faire