Text Structure
"Liam and Noah both love playing sports, but they enjoy different ones. Liam likes soccer because he can run fast across the field. Noah prefers basketball because he enjoys dribbling and shooting hoops. Both boys like being active, but they have different favorite games."
What text structure is this an example of? Evidence?
Compare and Contrast
Evidence: "...both love playing sports, but they enjoy different ones" or "Both boys like being active, but they have different favorite games."
It's easy as PIE!
What does PIE stand for?
Persuade, Inform, Entertain
A story uses the words I, me, my.
What point of view is the story written in?
POV: First person
A comparison of two things using like or as.
AND
A comparison of two things by saying one thing is another.
Give an example!
Simile, Example: The bunny was as fluffy as a cloud.
Metaphor, Example: Her smile was a bright sunshine.
Keywords used to show the order of events or steps.
First / Next / Then / Finally
"Julia wanted to read her new book, but her room was too dark. She tried moving to her bed, but it was still hard to see the words. Finally, she turned on her desk lamp, and the bright light made it easy to read again."
What text structure is this an example of? Evidence?
Problem and Solution
Evidence: "...her room was too dark." "Finally, she turned on her desk lamp, and the bright light made it easy to read again."
An author writes a story about a silly dog who gets into trouble at the park. The story is meant to make the reader laugh.
What is the author's purpose?
Entertain
A story uses the words he, she, they.
What point of view is the story written in?
POV: Third person
An exaggeration that makes things bigger, better, or more than they are.
Give an example!
Hyperbole
Example: I'm so hungry I could eat a mountain of pizza.
Keywords used to show cause and effect.
Because / Since / So / As a result
"It rained all night, and the playground was covered in puddles the next morning. Because the ground was so wet, the principal decided to keep the students inside for recess."
What text structure is this an example of? Evidence?
Cause and Effect
Evidence: "Because the ground was so wet, the principal decided to keep the students inside for recess."
A passage explains how tornadoes form and gives facts about where they happen.
What is the author's purpose?
Inform.
A character breaks a vase and immediately tells their parent what happened, even though they might get in trouble.
What trait does this show?
Trait: Honest or Responsible
Words that imitate the sound it describes.
Give an example!
Onomatopoeia
Example(s): The bees buzzed loudly around the garden.
Keywords used to show a change or contrast.
Both / Also / However / But
"First, Jaida mixed flour, sugar, and eggs in a bowl. Next, he poured the batter into a pan. Then he placed the pan in the oven. Finally, after the timer beeped, he took out a warm, delicious cake."
What text structure is this an example of? Evidence?
Chronology / Sequence
Evidence: "First... Next... Then... Finally..."
A flyer tells readers why they should recycle and gives reasons to help protect the Earth.
What is the author trying to do?
Persuade
"Even though Maya was nervous about speaking in front of the class, she took a deep breath, stood tall, and shared her project proudly."
What character trait does Maya show, and what evidence from the text proves it?
Trait: Brave or Courageous
Evidence: "She took a deep breath and shared her project proudly."
Gives human qualities or characteristics to an animal or object.
Give an example!
Personification
Example: The wind whispered secrets through the trees.
Keywords used to add information or evidence.
Also / Another / For example / Including / Such as
"The butterfly had bright blue wings with tiny silver spots that sparkled in the sunlight. Its thin legs looked like delicate threads, and its soft wings fluttered gently in the warm breeze."
What text structure is this an example of? Evidence?
Description
Evidence: "...bright blue wings..." "...tiny silver spots..." "...thin legs looked like delicate threads..." "...soft wings fluttered gently..."
"Every year, thousands of animals are left without homes. If you adopt a pet from a shelter, you can save a life and give an animal a loving family. Visit your local shelter today to meet your new best friend!"
What is the author's purpose and what sentence gives the best evidence for that purpose?
Persuade
Evidence: "If you adopt a pet from a shelter, you can save a life..."
"I watched my little brother struggle to reach the top shelf. Even though I really wanted to finish my game, I paused it and helped him grab the book. He smiled and said, 'Thanks!' and I felt proud."
What point of view is the passage written in, and what character trait does the narrator show? Use evidence from the text.
POV: First person
Trait: Helpful or Kind
Evidence: The narrator paused their game to help their brother.
Language that describes how something looks, sounds, feels, smells, or taste.
Give a sentence using (at least) 3 senses!
Imagery
Example: The warm cookies smelled sweet, felt soft in my hands, and tasted like melted chocolate.
What word means stalled in the paragraph below?
"Duong learned English fast. He copied whatever he heard us say. One day, he heard Mom talking to red lights when we were stalled in traffic. 'Hurry up light, hurry,' Mom said impatiently. For the next few weeks, whenever Duong saw a red light, he would point at it and say, 'Hurry up light, hurry.' This made us laugh and laugh."
Possible answers: Stopped, not moving, stuck, paused