You Make Me Sick!!!
Becoming infected with Malaria by getting bitten by a mosquito carrying the disease is an example of transmission through:
A. vector born
B. indirect contact
C. direct contact
D. carrier transmitted
A. vector born
Which best explains why fossil fuels should be conserved?
A. They are inexpensive.
B. They are in limited supply.
C. They are dangerous to handle.
D. They do not cause pollution when used.
B. They are in limited supply.
Which of the following substances is classified as a compound?
A sodium
B sugar
C nitrogen
D air
B sugar
What happens to most of the energy as it moves throughout a food web?
A. It is changed into light energy and passed to the next organism.
B. It is changed into heat energy and lost to the environment.
C. It is changed into mass and used for life functions.
D. It is changed into decomposers to clean the environment.
B. It is changed into heat energy and lost to the environment.
What might you conclude from the observation that the bones in a dolphin's fin are similar to the bones in a bat's wing?
a.The bones in the bat's wing are homologous to the dolphin's fin, indicating a common ancestor.
b. The ancestors of dolphins could fly, indicating a common ancestor.
c. Bats lost their ability to swim during the course of evolution.
d. The bones in the bat's wing are vestigial structures, no longer useful as "arm" bones.
a. The bones in the bat's wing are homologous to the dolphin's fin, indicating a common ancestor.
If a lake has excess levels of phosphates and nitrates in its water, what will most likely result?
A. The temperature of the lake water will decrease.
B. The turbidity levels of the lake will decrease.
C. The dissolved-oxygen levels in the lake will increase.
D. The growth of algae in the lake will increase.
D. The growth of algae in the lake will increase.
The town of Sandhills, a coastal community, relies heavily on groundwater for its drinking water supply. Increased frequency of intense storms and rising sea levels are predicted for the region due to climate change. Which of the following is the most significant long-term threat to this community's freshwater supply resulting from these changes in the hydrosphere?
(a) Increased evaporation rates from local reservoirs leading to water shortages.
(b) Saltwater intrusion into the groundwater aquifers, making the water unusable for drinking.
(c) A decrease in the overall amount of precipitation falling in the region.
(d) An increase in the rate of surface runoff, reducing the amount of water that can recharge the aquifers.
(b) Saltwater intrusion into the groundwater aquifers, making the water unusable for drinking.
What characteristic of viruses distinguishes them from cells?
A) Viruses do not have hereditary material.
B) Viruses lack an independent metabolism.
C) Viruses are not separated from their environments.
D) Viral traits do not evolve in response to selection pressures.
B) Viruses lack an independent metabolism.
Which is a disadvantage of using solar or wind energy to produce electricity?
A. They are controlled energy resources.
B. These energy sources are nonrenewable.
C. They are an expensive way to produce energy.
D. Their ability to produce energy is inconsistent and variable.
D. Their ability to produce energy is inconsistent and variable.
Which chemical equation best represents the Law of Conservation of Mass?
A. N + H → NH3
B. N2 + H2 → NH3
C. N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
D. N2 + H2 → N2H4
C. N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
What would have the greatest long-term impact on reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air?
A. planting trees around a farm
B. cutting down trees around a farm
C. increasing the number of livestock on a farm
D. decreasing the number of livestock on a farm
A. planting trees around a farm
Which best describes the relationship between rock layers and index fossils?
A. Different rock layers can be compared to determine the EXACT age of index fossils.
B. Different rock layers can be determined to be the same RELATIVE age if they contain the same index fossils
C. Different rock layers contain only specific species of index fossils.
D. Different rock layers can be determined to be the same EXACT age if they contain the same index fossils
B. Different rock layers can be determined to be the same RELATIVE age if they contain the same index fossils
Which characteristic of water quality provides the most information regarding the health of a water system?
A. clarity
B. temperature
C. concentration of heavy metals
D. presence of indicator species
D. presence of indicator species
A sealed container holds a mixture of iron filings and sulfur powder. If a magnet is held outside the container, the iron filings are attracted to the magnet, leaving the sulfur behind. However, if the mixture is strongly heated, a chemical reaction occurs, forming iron sulfide, and the magnet no longer attracts the resulting substance. Which of the following best explains this difference in behavior?
(a) Heating caused the iron to become a nonmetal, so it no longer interacts with the magnet.
(b) The heating process physically separated the iron and sulfur into different phases.
(c) A new substance with different properties was formed when the iron and sulfur chemically combined.
(d) The magnet lost its magnetic properties due to the high temperature.
(c) A new substance with different properties was formed when the iron and sulfur chemically combined.
In the midwestern United States, the occurrence of influenza was greater than expected. Which best describes the influenza outbreak?
A) A pandemic, because influenza is an infectious disease.
B) An epidemic, because influenza is an infectious disease.
C) A pandemic, because it occurred in more than one state.
D) An epidemic, because it occurred in one region of the United States.
D) An epidemic, because it occurred in one region of the United States.
Why is burning fossil fuels bad for the environment?
a. It destroys the ozone layer
b. It adds harmful mercury to waterways
c. The gases emitted lead to global climate change
d. The clouds it creates bring excess rain and flooding
c. The gases emitted lead to global climate change
Two different liquids are poured together in an open container. Bubbles begin to form. After the bubbling stops, it is determined that the total weight of the two liquids is less than before they were poured together. Which best describes this observation?
A. Some of the atoms during the reaction escaped into the air.
B. Some of the atoms during the reaction were destroyed.
C. Some of the atoms during the reaction became heavier.
D. Some of the atoms during the reaction changed to a different kind of atom.
A. Some of the atoms during the reaction escaped into the air.
In an aquatic ecosystem, the depth to which sunlight can penetrate is a critical factor for photosynthetic organisms. How does this relate to the concept of limiting factors?
(a) Sunlight is an unlimited resource in aquatic environments.
(b) The availability of sunlight directly influences the distribution and abundance of producers.
(c) Deeper water always supports a greater diversity of life due to the lack of sunlight.
(d) Sunlight only affects the temperature of the water, not the organisms living in it.
(b) The availability of sunlight directly influences the distribution and abundance of producers.
What happens during radioactive decay?
A. A stable isotope of one element changes into an unstable isotope of a different element
B. An unstable isotope of one element changes into a stable isotope of the same element
C. A stable isotope of one element changes into an unstable isotope of the same element
D. An unstable isotope of one element changes into a stable isotope of a different element
D. An unstable isotope of one element changes into a stable isotope of a different element
Which would indicate the water in a lake is not safe for drinking?
A many varieties of fish in the lake
B high dissolved-oxygen levels in the lake
C cold water temperature of the lake
D high turbidity levels in the lake
D high turbidity levels in the lake
A new strain of influenza virus emerges that can bypass the typical antibody response in humans. Individuals who had previously been infected with a different strain of the flu become sick again with this new strain. Which characteristic of this new influenza strain best explains why prior infection does not provide immunity?
(a) The new strain likely has a significantly faster reproductive rate compared to previous strains.
(b) The new strain probably infects a different type of host cell in the human respiratory system.
(c) The new strain likely has different surface proteins that the antibodies from the previous infection do not recognize.
(d) The new strain is likely a bacterium rather than a virus, so the previous viral antibodies are ineffective.
(c) The new strain likely has different surface proteins that the antibodies from the previous infection do not recognize.
What is the most likely result of overusing a particular antibiotic?
A. fewer infections caused by bacteria resistant to the antibiotic
B. more infections caused by bacteria resistant to the antibiotic
C. fewer infections caused by viruses and bacteria
D. more infections caused by viruses
B. more infections caused by bacteria resistant to the antibiotic
Which are most responsible for creating acid rain pollution?
A nuclear power plants
B coal-burning power plants
C hydroelectric power plants
D wood-burning power plants
B coal-burning power plants
This is a chemical reaction for the decomposition of carbonic acid into water and carbon dioxide.
H2CO3 → H2O + CO2
How does the reaction support the Law of Conservation of Mass?
A. Several molecules of water are produced.
B. The mass of carbon atoms is reduced during the reaction.
C. The mass of the atoms in the reactant equals the mass of the atoms in the products.
D. The mass of hydrogen atoms is the only thing that remains the same before and after the reaction.
C. The mass of the atoms in the reactant equals the mass of the atoms in the products.
Why is cellular respiration important to the body?
A. It controls the production of hormones in the body.
B. It builds muscle and bone that the body needs.
C. It stores food for the body.
D. It helps provide the energy needed for body functions.
D. It helps provide the energy needed for body functions.
Recent changes in species can be found in the upper layers of rock. This provides a link between which two scientific ideas?
A. cell theory and the theory of evolution
B. the periodic nature of the elements and crosscutting relationships
C. the theory of evolution and the Law of Superposition
D. the Law of Superposition and the periodic nature of the elements
C. the theory of evolution and the Law of Superposition
How can upwellings improve fishing for ocean fishermen?
A. They cause the ocean water to get warmer.
B. They cause ocean currents to remain calm.
C. They bring nutrients from the cold, deep ocean waters.
D. They bring ocean currents from the equator.
C. They bring nutrients from the cold, deep ocean waters.
A population of bacteria is exposed to a new antibiotic. Initially, a small percentage of the bacteria possess a natural genetic mutation that confers resistance to this antibiotic. After repeated exposure to the antibiotic over several generations, the vast majority of the bacterial population is now resistant. Which of the following best describes the mechanism driving this change in the bacterial population?
(a) The antibiotic directly caused mutations in the bacteria, leading to the development of resistance in many individuals simultaneously.
(b) Bacteria that were exposed to the antibiotic developed resistance during their lifetime and passed this acquired resistance to their offspring.
(c) Bacteria with the pre-existing resistance mutation had a higher survival and reproduction rate in the presence of the antibiotic, leading to an increase in the frequency of the resistance gene in the population.
(d) The antibiotic selectively targeted and eliminated the non-resistant bacteria, leaving behind a population where all remaining individuals spontaneously developed resistance.
(c) Bacteria with the pre-existing resistance mutation had a higher survival and reproduction rate in the presence of the antibiotic, leading to an increase in the frequency of the resistance gene in the population.
Many infectious diseases have been nearly eliminated worldwide. Why should global studies of infectious diseases continue?
A. All infectious disease organisms are fatal.
B. All infectious diseases are resistant to any form of treatment.
C. All infectious disease organisms have the ability to mutate, adapt, and survive.
D. All infectious diseases are caused by viruses that do not respond to antibiotics.
C. All infectious disease organisms have the ability to mutate, adapt, and survive.
Considering strategies to mitigate climate change, which of the following actions would directly help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector?
(a) Increasing the use of coal-fired power plants.
(b) Promoting the use of electric vehicles.
(c) Deforesting large areas for agriculture.
(d) Increasing the production of gasoline-powered cars.
(b) Promoting the use of electric vehicles.
Which best describes the general sequence of the elements in Period 3 of the periodic table, proceeding from left to right?
A. Highly reactive metals, relatively reactive metals, metalloid, reactive nonmetals, noble gas.
B. Relatively nonreactive metals, highly reactive nonmetals, metalloids, reactive metals, noble gas.
C. Noble gas, reactive nonmetals, metalloid, relatively reactive metals, highly reactive metals.
D. Highly reactive nonmetals, reactive metals, noble gas, metalloid, relatively reactive metals.
A. Highly reactive metals, relatively reactive metals, metalloid, reactive nonmetals, noble gas.
Certain species of clownfish live within the stinging tentacles of sea anemones. The clownfish are protected from predators. The anemone is not significantly harmed or benefited by the clownfish's presence. If a new predator that is immune to the anemone's sting were introduced to the ecosystem and began heavily preying on clownfish, how might this indirectly affect the anemone population over time?
(a) The anemone population would likely increase due to the removal of the clownfish.
(b) The anemone population might decline due to a potential increase in parasites or a decrease in cleaning behavior if the clownfish population dwindled.
(c) The anemone population would remain stable as the relationship with clownfish is not essential for its survival.
(d) The anemone population would adapt and develop its own defenses against the new predator.
(c) The anemone population would remain stable as the relationship with clownfish is not essential for its survival.
Which of the following is NOT one of the premises on which evolution by natural selection is based?
a. Organisms usually produce many more offspring than the environment can support.
b. Most natural populations remain approximately the same size through time.
c. Organisms can alter their genes to help them survive in a particular environment.
d. Hereditary differences between organisms can be passed on to their offspring.
c. Organisms can alter their genes to help them survive in a particular environment.
The formation of deep water masses is critical for the global thermohaline circulation. Which of the following processes is LEAST likely to contribute directly to the formation of dense deep water?
(a) Cooling of high-salinity surface waters in polar regions.
(b) Evaporation in subtropical gyres leading to increased surface salinity.
(c) Freezing of seawater, expelling salt and increasing the salinity of the remaining water.
(d) Upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water along equatorial regions.
(d) Upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water along equatorial regions.
In a science experiment, Sarah reacts magnesium metal with oxygen gas. She starts with 24 grams of magnesium. After the reaction is complete, she collects magnesium oxide, which has a mass of 40 grams. According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, how many grams of oxygen gas must have reacted with the magnesium?
16 grams of Oxygen