Ecosystems
How are mutualism and parasitism different?
A Both organisms benefit in mutualism, while in parasitism only one organism benefits at the other’s expense.
B Both organisms benefit in parasitism, while in mutualism only one organism benefits at the other’s expense.
C Both organisms benefit in mutualism, while in parasitism one organism benefits, and the other is neither harmed nor benefits.
D Both organisms benefit in parasitism, while in mutualism one organism benefits, and the other is neither harmed nor benefits.
A Both organisms benefit in mutualism, while in parasitism only one organism benefits at the other’s expense.
Which would indicate the water in a lake is not safe for drinking?
A many varieties of fish in the lake
B high dissolved-oxygen levels in the lake
C cold water temperature of the lake
D high turbidity levels in the lake
D high turbidity levels in the lake
Which is a compound?
A. Sodium
B. Sugar
C. Nitrogen
D. Air
B. Sugar
Which supports the theory that some mountains were once at the bottom of an ocean?
A There are underwater mountains on the ocean floor today.
B Freshwater rivers flow to the ocean.
C Fossils of marine organisms are found on the tops of some mountains.
D Both mountains and ocean floors have similar minerals in their rocks.
C Fossils of marine organisms are found on the tops of some mountains.
Which disease is caused by a fungal infection?
A intestinal worms
B influenza
C chicken pox
D athlete’s foot
D athlete’s foot
How would a large increase in the salinity of an estuary most likely affect the ecosystem of the estuary?
A All organisms would die.
B All organisms would continue to live as they now do.
C The number of salt-tolerant organisms would increase, and the number of salt-intolerant organisms would decrease.
D The number of salt-intolerant organisms would increase, and the number of salt-tolerant organisms would decrease.
C The number of salt-tolerant organisms would increase, and the number of salt-intolerant organisms would decrease.
If a lake has excess levels of phosphates and nitrates in its water, what will most likely result?
A The temperature of the lake water will decrease.
B The turbidity levels of the lake will decrease.
C The dissolved-oxygen levels in the lake will increase.
D The growth of algae in the lake will increase.
D The growth of algae in the lake will increase.
Two different liquids are poured together in an open container. Bubbles begin to form. After the bubbling stops, it is determined that the total weight of the two liquids is less than before they were poured together. Which best describes this observation?
A Some of the atoms during the reaction escaped into the air.
B Some of the atoms during the reaction were destroyed.
C Some of the atoms during the reaction became heavier.
D Some of the atoms during the reaction changed to a different kind of atom.
A Some of the atoms during the reaction escaped into the air.
A geologist identifies the identical index fossils in rock layers from two different areas. Which conclusion is best supported by this discovery?
A The deposition rate of the two rock layers was identical.
B The fossil organism evolved independently in the two separate areas.
C The two rock layers were deposited at approximately the same time.
D The index fossil will also occur in sediment deposited on top of these rock layers.
C The two rock layers were deposited at approximately the same time.
How are pandemics different than epidemics?
A Pandemics affect blood; epidemics affect skin.
B Pandemics affect many countries or states; an epidemic is more localized.
C Pandemics are caused by bacteria; epidemics are caused by viruses.
D Pandemics are spread through the air; epidemics are spread through the water.
B Pandemics affect many countries or states; an epidemic is more localized.
Which would most likely increase the genetic variation in a population of organisms?
A increase in diseases
B decrease in diseases
C increase in mutations
D decrease in mutations
C increase in mutations
Which would most likely result if there is an upwelling in a coastal area?
A. More aquatic life in the water
B. Less nutrients in the water
C. Higher water temperature
D. Fewer nitrates
A. More aquatic life in the water
This is a chemical reaction for the decomposition of carbonic acid into water and carbon dioxide.
H2CO3 → H2O + CO2
How does the reaction support the Law of Conservation of Mass?
A Several molecules of water are produced.
B The mass of carbon atoms is reduced during the reaction.
C The mass of the atoms in the reactant equals the mass of the atoms in the products.
D The mass of hydrogen atoms is the only thing that remains the same before and after the reaction.
C The mass of the atoms in the reactant equals the mass of the atoms in the products.
Which evidence supports the idea that life on Earth has continually evolved?
A evidence from layers of tree rings
B evidence from rock layers, fossils, and ice cores
C evidence gathered from melting glaciers
D evidence that the climate has changed over the past 100 years
B evidence from rock layers, fossils, and ice cores
Which is one possible human benefit from biotechnology research?
A producing crops that can grow in areas where they normally do not grow
B producing new types of disease-causing viruses
C increasing the ability to turn ocean water to freshwater
D creating new types of buildings that can withstand hurricanes
A producing crops that can grow in areas where they normally do not grow
Which of these would most likely happen to a species that is not able to adapt to a changing environment?
A The species would become extinct over time.
B The species would develop mutated cells.
C The species would develop resistance to disease.
D The species would change the environment.
A The species would become extinct over time.
Which best determines the health of a lake used as a source of freshwater?
A. its depth and width
B. its temperature and pH
C. its location and depth
D. its temperature and depth
B. its temperature and pH
Which best describes the sequence of the elements in Period 5 of the periodic table?
A highly reactive gases, relatively nonreactive metals, metalloids, very nonreactive gases, nonreactive nonmetals
B highly reactive metals, relatively nonreactive metals, metalloids, reactive nonmetals, nonreactive gases
C nonreactive gases, metalloids, nonreactive metals, highly reactive metals, highly reactive gases
D nonreactive gases, nonreactive metals, highly reactive metals, metalloids, reactive nonmetals, reactive gases
B highly reactive metals, relatively nonreactive metals, metalloids, reactive nonmetals, nonreactive gases
Which is the most accurate method scientists use to predict the age of Earth?
A relative dating of rock layers
B radioactive dating of rocks
C comparing the ages of different fossils
D investigating core samples from the Arctic
B radioactive dating of rocks
How has genetic engineering helped farming?
A by developing better fertilizer for crops
B by creating crops that resist some diseases
C by producing soil that makes crops grow better
D by producing faster ways to harvest crops
B by creating crops that resist some diseases
Barnacles have no means of movement, so they hitch a ride on whales. Whales are neither harmed nor helped in this relationship. This is an example of
A. mutualism
B. commensalism
C. parasitism
B. commensalism
A recreational lake experiences eutrophication because of excess nutrients. Based on this information, how would the recreational lake most likely appear?
A. clear and blue
B. oily and greasy
C. murky and full of algae
D. orange and rust-colored
C. murky and full of algae
Which chemical equation best represents the Law of Conservation of Mass?
A H + O → H2O
B H2 + O2 → H2O
C 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
D H2 + O2 → 2H2O2
C 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
Which is the best reason for scientists to study ice cores obtained from Earth’s ice caps?
A to evaluate potential oil drilling sites
B to study the quality of water stored in glaciers
C to determine the rate of melting in polar regions
D to study past climates by analyzing trapped gases and particles
D to study past climates by analyzing trapped gases and particles
Which illness could most likely be treated with antibiotics?
A influenza
B common cold
C strep throat
D diabetes
C strep throat