Matter & Its Interactions
Which statement correctly describes the law of conservation of matter during a chemical reaction?
A. The total number of atoms of each element is the same before and after the reaction
B. The properties of the reactants are the same as the properties of the products
C. The mass of the reactants is always greater than the mass of the products
D. The total number of molecules remains the same before and after the reaction
A. The total number of atoms of each element is the same before and after the reaction
How much of the energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next?
A. None of the energy is transferred.
B. About 1% of the energy is transferred.
C. About 10% of the energy is transferred.
D. All of the energy is transferred.
C. About 10% of the energy is transferred. (double points)
Water temperature and depth of water are factors that can determine the type of organisms that live in different areas of the ocean. Which other factor is most important?
A. currents
B. tides
C. sediments
D. sunlight
D. sunlight
An example of a non-point source of pollution is
A. wastewater from a leaking pipe
B. fertilizer runoff from lawns
C. oil from a leaking underground tank
D. chemicals released from a paper mill
B. fertilizer runoff from lawns (double points)
How can viral diseases be prevented?
A. antibiotics
B. aspirin
C. vaccines
D. vectors
C. vaccines
What happens during a physical change?
A. New substances form.
B. The identity of a substance is changed.
C. A chemical reaction occurs.
D. A property of a substance changes, but its identity stays the same.
D. A property of a substance changes, but its identity stays the same.
Which of these is a role of plants in the carbon cycle?
A. Plants take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
B. Plants take in carbon dioxide and pass it directly to animals.
C. Plants take in carbon dioxide released by other organisms.
D. Plants use carbon dioxide to make nitrates.
C. Plants take in carbon dioxide released by other organisms.
Which part of the ocean would have the lowest salinity?
A. in areas near melting glaciers
B. in areas where there is little rainfall
C. in areas near the equator
D. in areas with the highest temperatures
A. in areas near melting glaciers (double points)
What is a possible effect of high nutrient levels in water systems?
A. algal bloom
B. fewer algae
C. healthier fish
D. hotter water
A. algal bloom
Which best describes why a virus is not a living organism?
A. Viruses contain only DNA.
B. Viruses contain only RNA.
C. Viruses are not cells and can only reproduce inside a host cell.
D. Viruses do not contain any genetic material and cannot evolve.
C. Viruses are not cells and can only reproduce inside a host cell. (triple points)
Which of the following statements about elements is false?
A. An element is a pure substance.
B. An element is made up of compounds.
C. An element is represented by a chemical symbol.
D. Elements along the steplike line have some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals
B. An element is made up of compounds. (Double points!!!)
Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor affecting an ecosystem?
A. Increased predation by wolves
B. Competition for nesting sites among birds
C. Changes in soil pH affecting plant growth
D. Introduction of a new plant species
C. Changes in soil pH affecting plant growth
Which does NOT affect deep ocean currents?
A. wind
B. salinity
C. density
D. temperature
A. wind
Which of the following occurs when algae decompose in the ocean?
A. Decomposers at the ocean’s surface remove oxygen from the air.
B. Decomposers add oxygen to the ocean water.
C. The ocean water releases excess oxygen into the air.
D. Decomposers remove oxygen from the ocean water.
D. Decomposers remove oxygen from the ocean water.
Which statement BEST compares a pandemic disease to an epidemic disease?
A. Pandemic diseases occur within specific areas, while epidemic diseases can spread worldwide.
B. Pandemic diseases can spread worldwide, while epidemic diseases occur within specific areas.
C. Pandemic diseases are transmitted through airborne pathogens, while epidemic diseases are transmitted through bloodborne pathogens.
D. Pandemic diseases are transmitted through blood-borne pathogens, while epidemic diseases are transmitted through air-borne pathogens.
B. Pandemic diseases can spread worldwide, while epidemic diseases occur within specific areas. (double points!!!!)
Consider the balanced chemical equation: 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) ------> 2 H2 0 (l)
Which of the following correctly describes the word description of this equation?
A. Two molecules of hydrogen react with two molecules of oxygen to produce one molecule of water
B. Two molecules of hydrogen react with one molecule of oxygen to produce two molecules of water
C. One molecule of hydrogen reacts with two molecules of oxygen to produce one molecule of water
D. One molecule of hydrogen reacts with one molecule of oxygen to produce two molecules of water
B. Two molecules of hydrogen react with one molecule of oxygen to produce two molecules of water (double points!!)
What is the main difference between digestion and cellular respiration?
A. Digestion involves the breaking apart of large food molecules, while cellular respiration involves breaking down nutrients to obtain energy
B. Digestion occurs in plants, while cellular respiration occurs in animals
C. Digestion requires sunlight, while cellular respiration does not
D. Digestion produces energy, while cellular respiration stores energy
A. Digestion involves the breaking apart of large food molecules, while cellular respiration involves breaking down nutrients to obtain energy
How does temperature affect ocean currents?
A. Cold water moves fast and will sink. As the water warms up, it slows down and will rise to the surface.
B. Warm water moves fast and will sink. As the water cools down, it slows down and will rise to the surface.
C. Cold water is dense and will sink. As the water warms up, it becomes less dense and will rise to the surface.
D. Warm water is dense and will sink. As the water cools down, it becomes less dense
C. Cold water is dense and will sink. As the water warms up, it becomes less dense and will rise to the surface. (double points)
Researchers have developed automobile engines that run on vegetable oil. Many tests are being carried out to improve the efficiency of the engine that will soon be comparable to that gasoline engines. How would replacing gasoline engines with vegetable oil engines help society?
Pick up to 5 answers.
A. It would reduce the overall consumption of gasoline.
B. It would decrease the use of renewable resources of energy.
C. It would lower the cost of vegetable oil due to higher demand.
D. It would increase the production of other nonrenewable resources.
E. It would shift from using a nonrenewable resource to a renewable one.
A. It would reduce the overall consumption of gasoline.
E. It would shift from using a nonrenewable resource to a renewable one. (double points !!)
In 1918, an outbreak of influenza infected 500,000 people all over the world. Ten of millions of those infected died. In 1994, an outbreak of pneumonic plague spread quickly. In the city of Surat in India, killing 52 people. Which statement BEST describes the two events?
A. Both outbreaks were pandemics.
B. Both outbreaks were epidemics.
C. The influenza outbreak was pandemic. The plague outbreak was an epidemic.
D. The influenza outbreak was epidemic. The plague outbreak was an pandemic.
C. The influenza outbreak was a pandemic. The plague outbreak was an epidemic.
Given the chemical equation: CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2H2O(g)
How many oxygen atoms are present in the reactants and products?
A. 2 in reactants, 2 in products
B. 4 in reactants, 4 in products
C. 2 in reactants, 4 in products
D. 4 in reactants, 2 in products
B. 4 in reactants, 4 in products (double points)
Kudzu vines grow by climbing and wrapping around trees. Trees covered by kudzu can die because they are starved of sunlight. What type of relationship exists between the trees?
A. competition
B. mutualism
C. parasitism
D. predator-prey
A. competition
Mia tasted ocean water and found it very salty. Which statement best explains the salty nature of ocean water?
A. Rivers bring weathered salts to the ocean, where it is not evaporated.
B. Clouds transport salt water over the ocean, where it falls as precipitation.
C. Energy from the Sun breaks down rocks in the ocean, where it releases salt.
D. Wind carries eroded salt to the ocean, where it collects into salt formations.
A. Rivers bring weathered salts to the ocean, where it is not evaporated.
Which of the following are indicators of a healthy water source?
A. high nitrates, high pH, and low temperature
B. low temperatures, high dissolved oxygen, and neutral pH
C. low pH, high nitrates, and low dissolved oxygen
D. high turbidity, high dissolved oxygen, and high temperature
B. low temperatures, high dissolved oxygen, and neutral pH (double points)
There are millions of tiny organisms inside the human digestive tract. Some of these organisms are microscopic, single-celled organisms with no nucleus, and only three basic shapes. To which infectious agent are these helpful organisms related?
A. Bacteria
B. fungi
C. parasites
D. viruses
A. Bacteria